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We present a subtle idea to economically improve message-unilaterally-transmitted quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocols to realize two-way secure direct communication.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhan-jun Zhang , Zhong-xiao Man , Yong Li

We attempt to propose the first orthogonal-state-based protocols of measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication and quantum dialogue employing single basis, i.e., Bell basis as decoy qubits for eavesdropping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Chitra Shukla , Abhishek Shukla , Symeon Chatzinotas , Milos Nesladek

We introduce a robust scheme for long-distance continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) in which we employ post-selection between distant parties communicating through the medium of an…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors. The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Wenyuan Wang , Feihu Xu , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides us a powerful approach to resist all attacks at detection side. Besides the unconditional security, people also seek for high key generation rate, but MDI-QKD has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Yu-Fei Yan , Lan Zhou , Wei Zhong , Yu-Bo Sheng

Although multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terahertz (THz) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is theoretically secure, practical vulnerabilities may arise due to detector imperfections. This paper explores a CV…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Leixin Wu , Congtian Deng , Jiayu Pan , Lingtao Zhang , Yanyan Feng , Runbo Zhao , Yang Shen , Yuying Zhang , Jian Zhou

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) is proposed to be secure against any possible detection attacks. The security of the original proposal relies on the assumption that the legitimate users can fully…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can resist all attacks on the detection devices, but there are still some security issues related to the source side. One possible solution is to use the passive protocol to…

Quantum communication holds promise for absolutely security in secret message transmission. Quantum secure direct communication is an important mode of the quantum communication in which secret messages are securely communicated over a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-08 Jianyong Hu , Bo Yu , Mingyong Jing , Liantuan Xiao , Suotang Jia , Guoqing Qin , Guilu Long

Currently, the progress of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is impeded by a fundamental trade off among control efficiency, security, and scalability. This study proposes an innovative controlled QSDC protocol based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Ni-Shi Lu , Ping Zhou

How to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Here, we propose a simple solution to this problem---*measurement* device independent quantum key distribution. It not only removes all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-30 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi

While measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two trusted parties to establish a shared secret key from a distance without needing to trust a central detection node, their quantum sources must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 J. Eli Bourassa , Amita Gnanapandithan , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

A continuous variable (CV), measurement device independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is analyzed, enabling three parties to connect for quantum conferencing. We utilise a generalised Bell detection at an untrusted relay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-19 Alasdair I. Fletcher , Stefano Pirandola

In this paper, we propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on only a two-dimensional Hilbert space encoding a quantum system and independent devices between the equipment for state preparation and measurement. Our protocol is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Hong-Wei Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), utilizes continuous variables encoding such as the quadra-ture components of the quantized electromagnetic field and coherent detection decoding, offering good compatibility with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Pu Wang , Yan Tian , Yongmin Li

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key exchange between remote parties without any assumptions on the internal workings of the devices used for its implementation. However, its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Makoto Ishihara , Anthony Brendan , Wojciech Roga , Ulrik L. Andersen , Masahiro Takeoka

Recently in 2018, Niu et al. proposed a measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication protocol using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and generalized it to a quantum dialogue protocol (Niu et al., Science bulletin 63.20,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Nayana Das , Goutam Paul

We demonstrate the first implementation of polarization encoding measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), which is immune to all detector side-channel attacks. Active phase randomization of each individual pulse is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-21 Zhiyuan Tang , Zhongfa Liao , Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide unconditional secure communication between two distant parties. Although the significance of QKD is undisputed, its feasibility has been questioned because of certain limitations in the practical…

A scheme for quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network is proposed with a sequence of polarized single photons. The single photons are prepared originally in the same state |0> by the servers on the network, which will reduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Fu-Guo Deng , Xi-Han Li , Chun-Yan Li , Ping Zhou , Hong-Yu Zhou
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