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Phase separation between hydrogen and helium at high pressures and temperatures leads to the rainout of helium in the deep interiors of Jupiter and Saturn. This process, also known as "helium rain", affects their long-term evolution.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-28 Saburo Howard , Simon Müller , Ravit Helled

Proxima Centauri is our nearest stellar neighbor and one of the most well-studied stars in the sky. In 2016, a planetary companion was detected through radial velocity measurements. Proxima Centauri b has a minimum mass of 1.3 Earth masses…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Emily A. Gilbert , Thomas Barclay , Ethan Kruse , Elisa V. Quintana , Lucianne M. Walkowicz

Some principles in the distribution of Centaurs and the "Scattered Disk" objects, as well as the Kuiper belt objects for its semi-major axes, eccentricities and inclinations of the orbits have been investigated. It has been established,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-22 B. R. Mushailov , V. S. Teplitskaya

Observations in 2013 and 2014 of the Centaur 10199 Chariklo and its ring system consistently indicated that the radial width of the inner, more massive ring varies with longitude. That strongly suggests that this ring has a finite…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-20 Margaret Pan , Yanqin Wu

Computed using the APPLE planetary evolution code, we present updated evolutionary models for Jupiter and Saturn that incorporate helium rain, non-adiabatic thermal structures, and "fuzzy" extended heavy-element cores. Building on our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Ankan Sur , Adam Burrows , Roberto Tejada Arevalo , Yubo Su

Among all the asteroid dynamical groups, Centaurs have the highest fraction of objects moving in retrograde orbits. The distribution in absolute magnitude, H, of known retrograde Centaurs with semi-major axes in the range 6-34 AU exhibits a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-22 C. de la Fuente Marcos , R. de la Fuente Marcos

We use the current orbital structure of large (>50km) asteroids in the main asteroid belt to constrain the evolution of the giant planets when they migrated from their primordial orbits to their current ones. Minton & Malhotra (2009) showed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Alessandro Morbidelli , Ramon Brasser , Rodney Gomes , Harold F. Levison , Kleomenis Tsiganis

The rate of galaxy cluster eccentricity evolution is useful in understanding large scale structure. Rapid evolution for $z < $ 0.13 has been found in two different observed cluster samples. We present an analysis of projections of 41…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Stephen Floor , Adrian Melott , and Patrick Motl

We study the dynamical evolution of globular clusters using our new 2-D Monte Carlo code, and we calculate the lifetimes of clusters in the Galactic environment. We include the effects of a mass spectrum, mass loss in the Galactic tidal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Kriten J. Joshi , Cody P. Nave , Frederic A. Rasio

Context. Based on the Gaia DR3, we reconstructed the orbital evolution of the known Milky Way globular clusters and found that six objects, NGC 6681, NGC 6981, Palomar 6, NGC 6642, HP 1, and NGC 1904, very likely interact closely with the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-28 M. Ishchenko , P. Berczik , T. Panamarev , D. Kuvatova , M. Kalambay , A. Gluchshenko , O. Veles , M. Sobolenko , O. Sobodar , C. Omarov

Comet 1P/Halley has the unique distinction of having a very comprehensive set of observational records for almost every perihelion passage from 240 B.C. This has helped to constrain theoretical models pertaining to its orbital evolution.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Aswin Sekhar , David J Asher

Stellar rotation is a strong function of both mass and evolutionary state. Missions such as Kepler and CoRoT provide tens of thousands of rotation periods, drawn from stellar populations that contain objects at a range of masses, ages, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Jennifer L. van Saders , Marc H. Pinsonneault

We report new lightcurves and phase functions for nine Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). They were observed in the period 2004-2015 with various ground telescopes as part of the Survey of Ensemble Physical Properties of Cometary Nuclei…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 R. Kokotanekova , C. Snodgrass , P. Lacerda , S. F. Green , S. C. Lowry , Y. R. Fernandez , C. Tubiana , A. Fitzsimmons , H. H. Hsieh

Most warm Jupiters (gas-giant planets with $0.1~{\rm AU}\lesssim a \lesssim1$ AU) have pericenter distances that are too large for significant orbital migration by tidal friction. We study the possibility that the warm Jupiters are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-03 Cristobal Petrovich , Scott Tremaine

A fundamental question in cometary science is whether the different dynamical classes of comets have different chemical compositions, which would reflect different initial conditions. From the ground or Earth orbit, radio and infrared…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-02 J. Crovisier , N. Biver , D. Bockelée-Morvan , J. Boissier , P. Colom , D. C. Lis

The study of dwarf galaxies in groups is a powerful tool for investigating galaxy evolution, chemical enrichment and environmental effects on these objects. Here we present results obtained for dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A complex, a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 D. Crnojević , E. K. Grebel , A. A. Cole , A. Koch , M. Rejkuba , G. Da Costa , H. Jerjen

In this paper, we perform a dynamical study of the population of objects in the unstable quasi-Hilda region. The aim of this work is to make an update of the population of quasi-Hilda comets (QHCs) that have recently arrived from the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-20 J. Correa-Otto , E. Garcia-Migani , R. Gil-Hutton

Estimates of the size of the feeding zone of the planet Proxima Centauri c have been made at initial orbital eccentricities of planetesimals equal to 0.02 or 0.15. The research is based on the results of modeling of the evolution of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-04 S. I. Ipatov

Hot Jupiters (HJs) are Jupiter-like planets that reside very closely to their host star, within $\sim 0.1\,\mathrm{AU}$. Their formation is not well understood. It is generally believed that they cannot have formed in situ, implying that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-16 Adrian S. Hamers , Fabio Antonini , Yoram Lithwick , Hagai B. Perets , Simon F. Portegies Zwart

We investigate the long-term and large-scale viscous evolution of dense planetary rings using a simple 1D numerical code. We use a physically realistic viscosity model derived from N-body simulations (Daisaka et al., 2001), and dependent on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-10 Julien Salmon , Sébastien Charnoz , Aurélien Crida , André Brahic