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The Large Volume Plasma device(LVPD), a cylindrically shaped, linear plasma device of dimension( $\phi =2m $, $ L =3m $) have successfully demonstrated the excitation of Electron Temperature Gradient(ETG) turbulence[ Mattoo et al.,[1]]. The…
Water vapor is not only Earth's dominant greenhouse gas. Through the release of latent heat when it condenses, it also plays an active role in dynamic processes that shape the global circulation of the atmosphere and thus climate. Here we…
Like any fluid heated from below, the atmosphere is subject to vertical instability which triggers convection. Convection occurs on small time and space scales, which makes it a challenging feature to include in climate models. Usually…
We present a theoretical model, using density matrix approach, to study the effect of weak as well as strong probe field on the optical properties of an inhomogeneously broadened multilevel V-system of the $^{87}$Rb D2 line. We consider the…
We consider the effect of evaporation on the aggregation of a number of elastic objects due to a liquid's surface tension. In particular, we consider an array of spring--block elements in which the gaps between blocks are filled by thin…
The strength of Titan's methane cycle, as measured by precipitation and evaporation, is key to interpreting fluvial erosion and other indicators of the surface-atmosphere exchange of liquids. But the mechanisms behind the occurrence of…
In this study, we innovatively modeled photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) devices, incorporating positive ion injection and bidirectional discharge's effects on the space charge barrier simultaneously. Compared to previous models,…
Measuring the thermal conductivity ($\kappa$) of water at extreme conditions is a challenging task and few experimental data are available. We predict $\kappa$ for temperatures and pressures relevant to the conditions of the Earth mantle,…
We study phase-sensitive amplification of electromagnetically induced transparency in a warm ${}^{85}$Rb vapor wherein a microwave driving field couples the two lower-energy states of a {\Lambda} energy-level system thereby transforming…
Because the solar luminosity increases over geological timescales, Earth climate is expected to warm, increasing water evaporation which, in turn, enhances the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Above a certain critical insolation, this…
We establish universal relations between pattern formation and dissipation with a geometric approach to nonequilibrium thermodynamics of deterministic reaction-diffusion systems. We first provide a way to systematically decompose the…
Changes in the frequency, duration, and severity of climate extremes are forecast to occur under global climate change. The impacts of climate extremes on forest productivity and health are complicated by potential interactions with…
Data on low-pT hadronic spectra are widely regarded as evidence of a hydrodynamic expansion in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In this interpretation, different hadron species emerge from a common medium that has built up a strong collective…
The dramatic slowing down of relaxation dynamics of liquids approaching the glass transition remains a highly debated problem, where the crux of the puzzle resides in the elusive increase of the activation barrier $\Delta E(T)$ with…
It is well known that a solid (e.g. wood or rubber) can be put under tensile stress by pulling on it. Once a critical stress is overcome, the solid breaks, leaving an empty space. Similarly, due to internal cohesion, a liquid can withstand…
Identifying Earth-like planets outside out solar system is a leading research goal in astronomy, but determining if candidate planets have atmospheres, and more importantly if they can retain atmospheres, is still out of reach. In this…
An evaporating droplet is a dynamic system in which flow is spontaneously generated to minimize the surface energy, dragging particles to the borders and ultimately resulting in the so-called "coffee-stain effect". The situation becomes…
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) does not conserve energy and this precludes its use in the study of thermal processes in complex fluids. We present here a generalization of DPD that incorporates an internal energy and a temperature…
Vertical mixing disrupts the thermochemical equilibrium and introduces additional heat flux that alters exoplanetary atmospheric temperatures. We investigate how this mixing-induced heat flux affects atmospheric chemistry. Temperature…
The prevailing approaches for ET retrievals are either limited in spatiotemporal coverage or largely influenced by choice of input data or simplified model physics, or a combination thereof. Here, using an independent mass conservation…