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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) allows to probe matter at atomic scale by measuring the perturbation of a nanomechanical oscillator induced by near-field interaction forces. The quest to improve sensitivity and resolution of AFM has forced…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-05-25 Alessandro Siria , Antoine Niguès

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is capable of producing ultra-high resolution measurements of nanoscopic objects and forces. It is an indispensable tool for various scientific disciplines such as molecular engineering, solid-state physics,…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-28 Bryan Yates , Aleksander Labuda , Martin Lysy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been constantly supporting nanosciences and nanotechnologies for over 30 years, being present in many fields from condensed matter physics to biology. It enables measuring very weak forces at the nanoscale,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-09-07 L Schwab , P Allain , N Mauran , X Dollat , L Mazenq , D Lagrange , M Gély , S Hentz , G Jourdan , I Favero , B Legrand

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a mechanical profiling technique that allows to image surfaces with atomic resolution. Recent progress in reducing the noise of this technique has led to a resolution level where previously undetectable…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-24 F. J. Giessibl , H. Bielefeldt , S. Hembacher , J. Mannhart

Since the invention of the atomic force microscope (AFM) in 1986, there has been a drive to apply this scanning probe technique or a form of this technique to various disciplines in nanoscale science. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-04-28 Gustavo Cordova , Brenda Yasie Lee , Zoya Leonenko

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables high-resolution imaging and quantitative force measurement, which is critical for understanding nanoscale mechanical, chemical, and biological interactions. In dynamic AFM modes, however, interaction…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-10 Simon Laflamme , Bugrahan Guner , Omur E. Dagdeviren

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a widely employed tool for micro-/nanoscale topographic imaging. However, conventional AFM scanning struggles to reconstruct complex 3D micro-/nanostructures precisely due to limitations such as incomplete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Shuo Chen , Mao Peng , Yijin Li , Bing-Feng Ju , Hujun Bao , Yuan-Liu Chen , Guofeng Zhang

The ongoing development of single electron, nano and atomic scale semiconductor devices would benefit greatly from a characterization tool capable of detecting single electron charging events with high spatial resolution, at low…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-22 José Bustamante , Yoichi Miyahara , Logan Fairgrieve-Park , Kieran Spruce , Patrick See , Neil Curson , Taylor Stock , Peter Grutter

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used to measure surface topography of solid, soft, and living matter at the nanoscale. Moreover, by mapping forces as a function of distance to the surface, AFM can provide a wealth of information…

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an analytical surface characterization tool which can reveal a sample's topography with high spatial resolution while simultaneously probing tip-sample interactions. Local measurement of chemical properties…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-09-06 Omur E. Dagdeviren , Yoichi Miyahara , Aaron Mascaro , Peter Grutter

This article reviews the progress of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultra-high vacuum, starting with its invention and covering most of the recent developments. Today, dynamic force microscopy allows to image surfaces of conductors…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-10 Franz J. Giessibl

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an essential nanoinstrument technique for several applications such as cell biology and nanoelectronics metrology and inspection. The need for statistically significant sample sizes means that data…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-04-05 H. Sadeghian , R. Herfst , B. Dekker , J. Winters , T. Bijnagte , R. Rijnbeek

Atomic force spectroscopy and microscopy (AFM) are invaluable tools to characterize nanostructures and biological systems. Most experiments, including state-of-the-art images of molecular bonds, are achieved by driving probes at their…

Forces acting between an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tip and sample are three dimensional. Despite this, most AFM force measurements are confined to one or two dimensions. Extending AFM force measurements into three dimensions has…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Roger Proksch , Ryan Wagner

We propose a new method to investigate interactions involved in atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is a dynamical method relying on the growth of oscillations via parametric resonance. With this method the second and third derivatives of the…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Franz-Josef Elmer

The ability to probe a materials electromechanical functionality on the nanoscale is critical to applications from energy storage and computing to biology and medicine. Voltage modulated atomic force microscopy (VM-AFM) has become a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Liam Collins , Yongtao Liu , Olga Ovchinnikova , Roger Proksch

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is one of the most promising methods for investigating the structure of materials at the micro and nanoscale levels, as well as their local physical-mechanical properties. The experimental data obtained with…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-05-07 Oleg K. Garishin , Roman I. Izyumov , Alexander L. Svistkov

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with molecule-functionalized tips has emerged as the primary experimental technique for probing the atomic structure of organic molecules on surfaces. Most experiments have been limited to nearly planar…

In this work, we report the integration of an atomic force microscope (AFM) into a helium ion microscope (HIM). The HIM is a powerful instrument, capable of sub-nanometer resolution imaging and machining of nanoscale structures, while the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-02 Santiago H. Andany , Gregor Hlawacek , Stefan Hummel , Charlène Brillard , Mustafa Kangül , Georg E. Fantner

Atomic-scale characteristics of surfaces dictate the principles governing numerous scientific phenomena ranging from catalysis to friction. Despite this fact, our ability to visualize and alter surfaces on the atomic scale is severely…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-10-06 Saima A. Sumaiya , Mehmet Z. Baykara
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