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Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is an indispensable tool for atomic-resolution structural analysis for a wide range of materials. The conventional analysis of STEM images is an extensive hands-on process, which limits…

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is a powerful instrument to study electronic density of states at surfaces down to atomic scale. Many interesting samples require studying variations as a function of the magnetic field, which is most…

Pixelated detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generate large volumes of data, often tens to hundreds of GB per scan. However, to make current advancements scalable and enable widespread adoption, it is essential to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-07-16 Arno Annys , Hoelen L. Lalandec Robert , Saleh Gholam , Joke Hadermann , Jo Verbeeck

Compressed sensing (CS) is a valuable technique for reconstructing measurements in numerous domains. CS has not yet gained widespread adoption in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), despite potentially offering the advantages of lower…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Brian E. Lerner , Anayeli Flores-Garibay , Benjamin J. Lawrie , Petro Maksymovych

Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization requires precise tilting of the specimen to high symmetric zone axis, which is usually processed in reciprocal space by following the diffraction patterns.…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiake Wei , Zhangze Xu , Wenjie Shen , Bin Feng , Ryo Ishikawa , Naoya Shibata , Yuichi Ikuhara , Xuedong Bai

Fine-grained sparsity promises higher parametric capacity without proportional per-token compute, but often suffers from training instability, load balancing, and communication overhead. We introduce STEM (Scaling Transformers with…

The engineering of quantum materials requires the development of tools able to address various synthesis and characterization challenges. These include the establishment and refinement of growth methods, material manipulation, and defect…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-07-13 Ondrej Dyck , Andrew R. Lupini , Stephen Jesse

Coherent spin resonance methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy have led to spectrally highly sensitive, non-invasive quantum imaging techniques with groundbreaking applications in…

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has a broad range of applications in materials characterization, including real-space imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction, at length scales from the micron to sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-07 Bryan D Esser , Joanne Etheridge

The use of fast pixelated detectors and direct electron detection technology is revolutionising many aspects of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The widespread adoption of these new technologies is impeded by the technical…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-06 Magnus Nord , Robert W. H. Webster , Kirsty A. Paton , Stephen McVitie , Damien McGrouther , Ian MacLaren , Gary W. Paterson

Aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) has become an essential tool in understanding materials at the atomic scale. However, tuning the aberration corrector to produce a sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om probe is a complex…

Observing the individual building blocks of matter is one of the primary goals of microscopy. The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope [1] revolutionized experimental surface science in that atomic-scale features on a solid-state…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-08-04 Jannik C. Meyer , C. O. Girit , M. F. Crommie , A. Zettl

Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) is a powerful technique for imaging surfaces with atomic resolution, providing insight into physical and chemical processes at the level of single atoms and molecules. A regular task of STM image…

We introduce a new image contrast mechanism for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) that derives from the local symmetry within the specimen. For a given position of the electron probe on the specimen, the image intensity is…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-30 Matus Krajnak , Joanne Etheridge

Advancements in fast electron detectors have enabled the statistically significant sampling of crystal structures on the nanometre scale by means of Scanning Electron Nanobeam Diffraction (SEND). Characterisation of structural similarity…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-07-28 Andy Bridger , William I. F. David , Thomas J. Wood , Mohsen Danaie , Keith T. Butler

We explore the possibility for the reconstruction of the generative physical models describing interactions between atomic units in solids from observational electron microscopy data. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-02-02 M. Chakraborty , M. Ziatdinov , O. Dyck , S. Jesse , A. D. White , S. V. Kalinin

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is carried out in vacuum to minimize the interaction of the imaging electrons with gas molecules while passing through the microscope column. Nevertheless, in typical devices, the pressure remains at…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-01-25 Gregor T. Leuthner , Stefan Hummel , Clemens Mangler , Timothy J. Pennycook , Toma Susi , Jannik C. Meyer , Jani Kotakoski

Programmable electron-beam scanning offers new opportunities to improve dose efficiency and suppress scan-induced artifacts in scanning transmission electron microscopy. Here, we systematically benchmark the impact of non-raster…

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has presented a revolutionary methodology to the nanoscience and nanotechnology. It enables imaging the topography of surfaces, mapping the distribution of electronic density of states, and manipulating…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-09-07 Wonhee Ko , Chuanxu Ma , Giang D. Nguyen , Marek Kolmer , An-Ping Li