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Related papers: Bivariate Causal Discovery and its Applications to…

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We propose a novel machine learning approach for inferring causal variables of a target variable from observations. Our focus is on directly inferring a set of causal factors without requiring full causal graph reconstruction, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jang-Hyun Kim , Claudia Skok Gibbs , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song , Kyunghyun Cho

If $X,Y,Z$ denote sets of random variables, two different data sources may contain samples from $P_{X,Y}$ and $P_{Y,Z}$, respectively. We argue that causal discovery can help inferring properties of the `unobserved joint distributions'…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-12 Dominik Janzing , Philipp M. Faller , Leena Chennuru Vankadara

Unveil, model, and comprehend the causal mechanisms underpinning natural phenomena stand as fundamental endeavors across myriad scientific disciplines. Meanwhile, new knowledge emerges when discovering causal relationships from data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jiaxuan Liang , Jun Wang , Guoxian Yu , Shuyin Xia , Guoyin Wang

What is the difference of a prediction that is made with a causal model and a non-causal model? Suppose we intervene on the predictor variables or change the whole environment. The predictions from a causal model will in general work as…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-27 Jonas Peters , Peter Bühlmann , Nicolai Meinshausen

Artificial intelligence models and methods commonly lack causal interpretability. Despite the advancements in interpretable machine learning (IML) methods, they frequently assign importance to features which lack causal influence on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Francisco Nunes Ferreira Quialheiro Simoes , Mehdi Dastani , Thijs van Ommen

Matching in causal inference from observational data aims to construct treatment and control groups with similar distributions of covariates, thereby reducing confounding and ensuring an unbiased estimation of treatment effects. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Sahil Shikalgar , Md. Noor-E-Alam

Understanding the laws that govern a phenomenon is the core of scientific progress. This is especially true when the goal is to model the interplay between different aspects in a causal fashion. Indeed, causal inference itself is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Alessio Zanga , Elif Ozkirimli , Fabio Stella

Causal representation learning algorithms discover lower-dimensional representations of data that admit a decipherable interpretation of cause and effect; as achieving such interpretable representations is challenging, many causal learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Elise Walker , Jonas A. Actor , Carianne Martinez , Nathaniel Trask

Causal inference has been a pivotal challenge across diverse domains such as medicine and economics, demanding a complicated integration of human knowledge, mathematical reasoning, and data mining capabilities. Recent advancements in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jing Ma

A data science task can be deemed as making sense of the data or testing a hypothesis about it. The conclusions inferred from data can greatly guide us to make informative decisions. Big data has enabled us to carry out countless prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

Machine learning techniques are now routinely encountered in research laboratories across the globe. Impressive progress has been made through ML and AI techniques with regards to large data set processing. This progress has increased the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ilya Balabin , Thomas M. Kaiser

Adaptive machine learning (ML) aims to allow ML models to adapt to ever-changing environments with potential concept drift after model deployment. Traditionally, adaptive ML requires a new dataset to be manually labeled to tailor deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Yutian Ren , Aaron Haohua Yen , G. P. Li

Pursuing invariant prediction from heterogeneous environments opens the door to learning causality in a purely data-driven way and has several applications in causal discovery and robust transfer learning. However, existing methods such as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-30 Yihong Gu , Cong Fang , Yang Xu , Zijian Guo , Jianqing Fan

The assumption that data samples are independent and identically distributed (iid) is standard in many areas of statistics and machine learning. Nevertheless, in some settings, such as social networks, infectious disease modeling, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-06 Eli Sherman , Ilya Shpitser

Gene expression depends on thousands of factors and we usually only have access to tens or hundreds of observations of gene expression levels meaning we are in a high-dimensional setting. Additionally we don't always observe or care about…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-04 Emiliano Diaz

Causal discovery traditionally relies on statistical methods applied to observational data, often requiring large datasets and assumptions about underlying causal structures. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yuni Susanti , Michael Färber

A fundamental task in science is to determine the underlying causal relations because it is the knowledge of this functional structure what leads to the correct interpretation of an effect given the apparent associations in the observed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Alexandre Trilla , Nenad Mijatovic

It is crucial to consider the social and ethical consequences of AI and ML based decisions for the safe and acceptable use of these emerging technologies. Fairness, in particular, guarantees that the ML decisions do not result in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Rūta Binkytė-Sadauskienė , Karima Makhlouf , Carlos Pinzón , Sami Zhioua , Catuscia Palamidessi

Instrumental variable (IV) is a powerful approach to inferring the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome of interest from observational data even when there exist latent confounders between the treatment and the outcome. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Debo Cheng , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Kui Yu , Thuc Duy Lee , Jixue Liu

Time-varying causal models provide a powerful framework for studying dynamic scientific systems, yet most existing approaches assume that the underlying causal network is known a priori - an assumption rarely satisfied in real-world domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dmitry Zaytsev , Valentina Kuskova , Michael Coppedge