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The chemical master equation (CME) is the exact mathematical formulation of chemical reactions occurring in a dilute and well-mixed volume. The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is a stochastic description of reaction-diffusion…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 Stephen Smith , Ramon Grima

Biochemical reaction networks are widely applied across scientific disciplines to model complex dynamic systems. We investigate the diffusion approximation of reaction networks with mass-action kinetics, focusing on the identifiability of…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Louis Faul , Linard Hoessly , Panqiu Xia

The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is commonly used to model processes where both the spatial and stochastic nature of chemical reactions need to be considered. We show that the RDME in many cases is inconsistent with a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-05-29 Paul Sjoberg , Otto G Berg , Johan Elf

The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is a lattice stochastic reaction-diffusion model that has been used to study spatially distributed cellular processes. The RDME is often interpreted as an approximation to spatially-continuous…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-08-05 Samuel A Isaacson

Stochastic chemical systems with diffusion are modeled with a reaction-diffusion master equation. On a macroscopic level, the governing equation is a reaction-diffusion equation for the averages of the chemical species. On a mesoscopic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2009-03-06 Stefan Engblom , Lars Ferm , Andreas Hellander , Per Lötstedt

The stochastic thermodynamics of a dilute, well-stirred mixture of chemically-reacting species is built on the stochastic trajectories of reaction events obtained from the Chemical Master Equation. However, when the molecular populations…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-04 Jordan M. Horowitz

The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is a standard modelling approach for understanding stochastic and spatial chemical kinetics. An inherent assumption is that molecules are point-like. Here we introduce the crowded…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-23 Claudia Cianci , Stephen Smith , Ramon Grima

The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is a lattice-based stochastic model for spatially resolved cellular processes. It is often interpreted as an approximation to spatially continuous reaction-diffusion models, which, in the limit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-11 Alberto Montefusco , Christof Schütte , Stefanie Winkelmann

This work reviews deterministic and diffusion approximations of the stochastic chemical reaction networks and explains their applications. We discuss the added value the diffusion approximation provides for systems with different phenomena,…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-15 Pavel Mozgunov , Marco Beccuti , Andras Horvath , Thomas Jaki , Roberta Sirovich , Enrico Bibbona

Stochastic reaction networks are a fundamental model to describe interactions between species where random fluctuations are relevant. The master equation provides the evolution of the probability distribution across the discrete state space…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-15 Tabea Waizmann , Luca Bortolussi , Andrea Vandin , Mirco Tribastone

Well-mixed chemical reaction networks (CRNs) contain many distinct chemical species with copy numbers that fluctuate in correlated ways. While those correlations are typically monitored via Monte Carlo sampling of stochastic trajectories,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-14 John P. Zima , Schuyler B. Nicholson , Todd R. Gingrich

Stochasticity is a defining feature of the pairwise forces governing interactions in biological systems-from molecular motors to cell-cell adhesion-yet its consequences on large-scale dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we show that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-27 Henry Alston , Raphael Voituriez , Thibault Bertrand

The dynamics of stochastic reaction networks within cells are inevitably modulated by factors considered extrinsic to the network such as for instance the fluctuations in ribsome copy numbers for a gene regulatory network. While several…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-19 Christoph Zechner , Heinz Koeppl

Reaction networks have become a major modelling framework in the biological sciences from epidemiology and population biology to genetics and cellular biology. In recent years, much progress has been made on stochastic reaction networks…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-14 Linard Hoessly , Carsten Wiuf , Panqiu Xia

The modeling and simulation of stochastic reaction-diffusion processes is a topic of steady interest that is approached with a wide range of methods. \rev{At the level of particle-resolved descriptions, where chemical reactions are coupled…

We study the stochastic dynamics of a system of interacting species in a stochastic environment by means of a continuous-time Markov chain with transition rates depending on the state of the environment. Models of gene regulation in systems…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Daniele Cappelletti , Abhishek Pal Majumder , Carsten Wiuf

The chemical diffusion master equation (CDME) describes the probabilistic dynamics of reaction--diffusion systems at the molecular level [del Razo et al., Lett. Math. Phys. 112:49, 2022]; it can be considered the master equation for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-23 Mauricio J. del Razo , Stefanie Winkelmann , Rupert Klein , Felix Höfling

Reaction networks are widely used models to describe biochemical processes. Stochastic fluctuations in the counts of biological macromolecules have amplified consequences due to their small population sizes. This makes it necessary to favor…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-28 Daniele Cappelletti , Badal Joshi

We consider molecular communication networks consisting of transmitters and receivers distributed in a fluidic medium. In such networks, a transmitter sends one or more signalling molecules, which are diffused over the medium, to the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Chun Tung Chou

A stochastic reaction-diffusion model is studied on a networked support. In each patch of the network two species are assumed to interact following a non-normal reaction scheme. When the interaction unit is replicated on a directed linear…

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