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The aesthetics of e-commerce websites have a big influence on purchasing decisions and customers' satisfaction. Webpage complexity and high cognitive load are responsible for causing an unpleasant experience while shopping online. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shojibur Rahman , Ahmed Alif Swopno , Nayeem Ahmed , Ashik Ahmed Fahim , Tabin Hasan

Capturing readers' engagement in fiction is a challenging but important aspect of narrative understanding. In this study, we collected 23 readers' reactions to 2 short stories through eye tracking, sentence-level annotations, and an overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Rose Neis , Karin de Langis , Zae Myung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Real-world scene perception is typically studied in the laboratory using static picture viewing with restrained head position. Consequently, the transfer of results obtained in this paradigm to real-word scenarios has been questioned. The…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-16 Daniel Backhaus , Ralf Engbert , Lars Oliver Martin Rothkegel , Hans Arne Trukenbrod

Can human reading comprehension be assessed from eye movements in reading? In this work, we address this longstanding question using large-scale eyetracking data over textual materials that are geared towards behavioral analyses of reading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Omer Shubi , Yoav Meiri , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Yevgeni Berzak

In this paper, we consider the problem of tracking the eye-gaze of individuals while they engage in reading. Particularly, we develop ways to accurately track the line being read by an individual using commercially available eye tracking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

Existing eye tracking software have certain limitations, especially with respect to monitoring reading online: (1) Most eye tracking software record eye tracking data as raw coordinates and stimuli as screen images/videos, but without…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Daniel Hienert , Heiko Schmidt , Thomas Krämer , Dagmar Kern

This investigates the relationship between eye fixation patterns and performance in Java programming exercises using eye-tracking technology. Thirty-one students from a university in Metro Manila participated, and their eye movements were…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Michael T. Lopez

Readers can have different goals with respect to the text that they are reading. Can these goals be decoded from their eye movements over the text? In this work, we examine for the first time whether it is possible to distinguish between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Omer Shubi , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Yevgeni Berzak

Participants in an eye-movement experiment performed a modified version of the Landolt-C paradigm (Williams & Pollatsek, 2007) in which they searched for target squares embedded in linear arrays of spatially contiguous "words" (i.e., short…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-27 Yanping Liu , Erik D. Reichle , Ren Huang

Cognitive load assessment is crucial for understanding human performance in various domains. This study investigates the impact of different task conditions and time constraints on cognitive load using multiple measures, including…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Arash Abbasi Larki , Akram Shojaei , Mehdi Delrobaei

Eye movement prediction is a promising area of research with the potential to improve performance and the user experience of systems based on eye-tracking technology. In this study, we analyze individual differences in gaze prediction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Kateryna Melnyk , Lee Friedman , Dmytro Katrychuk , Oleg Komogortsev

Humans read texts at a varying pace, while machine learning models treat each token in the same way in terms of a computational process. Therefore, we ask, does it help to make models act more like humans? In this paper, we convert this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xinting Huang , Jiajing Wan , Ioannis Kritikos , Nora Hollenstein

Background: Outdoor navigation poses significant challenges for people with blindness or low vision, yet the role of gaze behavior in supporting mobility remains underexplored. Fully sighted individuals typically adopt consistent scanning…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-16 Junchi Feng , Fernanda Garcia-Pina , Mahya Beheshti , Todd E Hudson , William Seiple , John-Ross Rizzo

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking the progression of reading through eye-gaze measurements. Such an algorithm is novel and will ultimately help to develop a method of analyzing eye-gaze data which had been collected during…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

We conducted an eye-tracking user study with 13 participants to investigate the influence of stimulus-question ordering and question modality on participants using visual question-answering (VQA) tasks. We examined cognitive load, task…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Sita A. Vriend , Sandeep Vidyapu , Amer Rama , Kun-Ting Chen , Daniel Weiskopf

The emergence of mobile eye trackers embedded in next generation smartphones or VR displays will make it possible to trace not only what objects we look at but also the level of attention in a given situation. Exploring whether we can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Per Bækgaard , Michael Kai Petersen , Jakob Eg Larsen

Objective. Decoding visual attention from brain signals during naturalistic video viewing has emerged as a new direction in brain-computer interface research. Current methods assume that stronger coupling between object motion and neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Yuanyuan Yao , Celina Salamanca Gonzalez , Simon Geirnaert , Celine R. Gillebert , Tinne Tuytelaars , Alexander Bertrand

We study whether it is possible to infer if a news headline is true or false using only the movement of the human eyes when reading news headlines. Our study with 55 participants who are eye-tracked when reading 108 news headlines (72 true,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Christian Hansen , Casper Hansen , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Birger Larsen , Stephen Alstrup , Christina Lioma

Knowledge tracing aims to model students' past answer sequences to track the change in their knowledge acquisition during exercise activities and to predict their future learning performance. Most existing approaches ignore the fact that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuqi Yue , Xiaoqing Sun , Weidong Ji , Zengxiang Yin , Chenghong Sun

Learning using Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) demands a high level of attention given the tendency to be distracted and mind-wander. How does the online STEM instructor know when learners are having attentional problems and the extent…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-02-10 Razan Hamed , N. Sanjay Rebello , Jeremy Munsell