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The continuous-variable quantum key distribution with entanglement in the middle, a semi-device-independent protocol, places the source at the untrusted third party between Alice and Bob, and thus has the advantage of high levels of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-23 Yi-Chen Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Christian Weedbrook , Song Yu , Hong Guo

The use of linearly independent signal states in realistic implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) enables an eavesdropper to perform unambiguous state discrimination. We explore quantitatively the limits for secure QKD imposed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Miloslav Dusek , Mika Jahma , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Unconditionally secure communication, being pursued for thousands of years, however, hasn't been reached yet due to continuous competitions between encryption and hacking. Quantum key distribution (QKD), harnessing the quantum mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 Xiao-Ling Pang , Ai-Lin Yang , Chao-Ni Zhang , Jian-Peng Dou , Hang Li , Jun Gao , Xian-Min Jin

We consider discrete-modulation protocols for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) that employ a modulation constellation consisting of a finite number of coherent states and that use a homodyne or a heterodyne-detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 Eneet Kaur , Saikat Guha , Mark M. Wilde

The influence of bright light on a single-photon detector has been described in a number of recent publications. The impact on quantum key distribution (QKD) is important, and several hacking experiments have been tailored to fully control…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on…

Quantum coin tossing (QCT) is an important primitive of quantum cryptography and has received continuous interest. However, in practical QCT, Bob's detectors can be subjected to detector-side channel attacks launched by dishonest Alice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-01 Liangyuan Zhao , Zhenqiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Hua Chen , Guangcan Guo , Zhengfu Han

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security; however, its practical implementations are susceptible to exploitable vulnerabilities. This investigation tackles the constraints in practical QKD implementations…

Balanced homodyne detector (BHD) that can measure the field quadratures of coherent states has been widely used in a range of quantum information technologies. Generally, the BHD tends to suffer from narrow bands and an expanding bandwidth…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-11-08 Xiaoxiong Zhang , Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables private communications with information-theoretic security. To guarantee the practical security of QKD, it is essential that QKD systems are implemented in accordance to theoretical requirements and…

We provide a security analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with discrete modulation against general attacks in a realistic finite-size regime. To realize this goal, we first prove security of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-21 Jian Zhou , Ying Guo , Duan Huang , Guihua Zeng

We show the detector blinding attack by Lydersen et al [1] will be ineffective on most single photon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and certainly ineffective on any detectors that are operated correctly. The attack is only successful if a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-06 Z L Yuan , J F Dynes , A J Shields

A well-protected and characterised source in a quantum key distribution system is needed for its security. Unfortunately, the source is vulnerable to light-injection attacks, such as Trojan-horse, laser-seeding, and laser-damage attacks, in…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) can easily be obscured if the eavesdropper can utilize technical imperfections of the actual implementation. Here we describe and experimentally demonstrate a very simple but highly effective…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a well-known application of quantum information theory that guarantees information-theoretically secure key exchange. As QKD becomes more and more commercially viable, challenges such as scalability,…

Discretely-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is more suitable for long-distance transmission compared with its Gaussian-modulated CVQKD counterpart. However, its security can only be guaranteed when modulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Qin Liao , Hai Zhong , Ying Guo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a quantum communication technology that offers an unconditional security guarantee. However, the practical deployment of CV-QKD systems remains vulnerable to various quantum attacks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Chao Ding , Shi Wang , Jingtao Sun , Yaonan Wang , Daoyi Dong , Weibo Gao

A high-speed Gaussian modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with a local local oscillator (LLO) is experimentally demonstrated based on pilot-tone-assisted phase compensation. In the proposed scheme, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Heng Wang , Yaodi Pi , Wei Huang , Yang Li , Yun Shao , Jie Yang , Jinlu Liu , Chenlin Zhang , Yichen Zhang , Bingjie Xu

The decoy-state method in quantum key distribution (QKD) is a popular technique to approximately achieve the performance of ideal single-photon sources by means of simpler and practical laser sources. In high-speed decoy-state QKD systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Álvaro Navarrete , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) over free-space optical links is a promising approach for secure communication, but its performance is limited by turbulence, pointing errors, and angular leakage that can be exploited by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Meysam Ghanbari , Rula Ammuri , Saif Al-Kuwari , Mazen Hasna , Khalid Qaraqe