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We study how a fraction of a population should be vaccinated to most efficiently top epidemics. We argue that only local information (about the neighborhood of specific vertices) is usable in practice, and hence we consider only local…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Petter Holme

Historically, infectious diseases caused considerable damage to human societies, and they continue to do so today. To help reduce their impact, mathematical models of disease transmission have been studied to help understand disease…

The success of a vaccination program is crucially dependent on its adoption by a critical fraction of the population, as the resulting herd immunity prevents future outbreaks of an epidemic. However, the effectiveness of a campaign can…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-07-02 Anupama Sharma , Shakti N. Menon , V. Sasidevan , Sitabhra Sinha

Understanding how the network topology affects the spread of an epidemic is a main concern in order to develop efficient immunization strategies. While there is a great deal of work dealing with the macroscopic topological properties of the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Debayan Chakraborty , Anurag Singh , Hocine Cherifi

The course of an epidemic is not only shaped by infection transmission over face-to-face contacts, but also by preventive behaviour caused by risk perception and social interactions. This study explores the dynamics of coupled awareness and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-24 Tim Van Wesemael , Luis E. C. Rocha , Jan M. Baetens

We consider the problem of controlling the propagation of an epidemic outbreak in an arbitrary contact network by distributing vaccination resources throughout the network. We analyze a networked version of the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Victor M. Preciado , Michael Zargham , Chinwendu Enyioha , Ali Jadbabaie , George Pappas

In this paper, we investigate two major immunization strategies, random immunization and targeted immunization, of the susceptible-infected (SI) Model on the Barab\'{a}si-Albert (BA) networks. For the heterogenous structure, the random…

Biological Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Wen-Jie Bai , Tao Zhou , Bing-Hong Wang

We propose a model describing the synergetic feedback between word-of-mouth (WoM) and epidemic dynamics controlled by voluntary vaccination. We combine a game-theoretic model for the spread of WoM and a compartmental model describing $SIR$…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-03 Samit Bhattacharyya , Chris Bauch , Romulus Breban

We consider a vaccination game that results with the introduction of premature and possibly scarce vaccines introduced in a desperate bid to combat the otherwise ravaging deadly pandemic. The response of unsure agents amid many…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Vartika Singh , Khushboo Agarwal , Shubham , Veeraruna Kavitha

The spread of infectious disease is strongly influenced by social dynamics. In addition to infection risk, individuals vaccination decisions depend on prevailing social behavior: high infection levels and widespread vaccination can increase…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-17 Xinxuan Wang , Youngmin Park , Bryce Morsky

We consider a SIR model with temporary immunity and time dependent transmission rate. We assume time dependent vaccination which confers the same immunity as natural infection. We study two types of vaccination strategies: i) optimal…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-04-06 Paulo Doutor , Paula Rodrigues , Maria do Céu Soares , Fabio A. C. C. Chalub

A linearization-based feedback-control strategy for a SEIR epidemic model is discussed. The vaccination objective is the asymptotically tracking of the removed-by-immunity population to the total population while achieving simultaneously…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-03-24 M. De la Sen , A. Ibeas , S. Alonso-Quesada

Information regarding vaccines from sources such as health services, media, and social networks can significantly shape vaccination decisions. In particular, the dissemination of negative information can contribute to vaccine hesitancy,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Sarah Alahmadi , Rebecca Hoyle , Michael Head , Markus Brede

Epidemic risk assessment poses inherent challenges, with traditional approaches often failing to balance health outcomes and economic constraints. This paper presents a data-driven decision support tool that models epidemiological dynamics…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-24 Chang Zhai , Ping Chen , Zhuo Jin , David Pitt

Understanding dynamics of an infectious disease helps in designing appropriate strategies for containing its spread in a population. Recent mathematical models are aimed at studying dynamics of some specific types of infectious diseases. In…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-02-05 P. Raja Sekhara Rao , M. Naresh Kumar

An insufficient supply of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in most countries demands an effective vaccination strategy to minimize the damage caused by the disease. Currently, many countries vaccinate their population in descending order of age…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-09-28 Bukyoung Jhun , Hoyun Choi

Networks of contacts capable of spreading infectious diseases are often observed to be highly heterogeneous, with the majority of individuals having fewer contacts than the mean, and a significant minority having relatively very many…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-21 César Parra-Rojas , Thomas House , Alan J. McKane

Herd immunity is shaped not only by the infection capacity of a spreading epidemic or the contact structure of the hosting population, but also by how and under what circumstances individuals acquire immunity. Immunization strategies may…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-20 Sámuel G. Balogh , Gergely Ódor , Márton Karsai

Voluntary vaccination is essential to protect oneself from infection and suppress the spread of infectious diseases. Voluntary vaccination behavior is influenced by factors such as age and interaction patterns. Differences in health…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-11 Yanyi Nie , Tao Lin , Yanbing Liu , Wei Wang

Mass vaccination remains a long-lasting challenge for disease control and prevention with upticks in vaccine hesitancy worldwide. Here, we introduce an experience-based learning (Q-learning) dynamics model of vaccination behavior in social…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-03 Atticus McWhorter , Feng Fu