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Using a hybrid (viscous hydrodynamics + hadronic cascade) framework, we model the bulk dynamical evolution of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Beam Energy Scan (BES) collision energies, including…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Chun Shen , Gabriel Denicol , Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Akihiko Monnai , Bjoern Schenke

We employ the SMASH transport model to provide event-by-event initial conditions for the energy-momentum tensor and conserved charge currents in hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We study the fluctuations and…

We study the importance of the initial state, baryon stopping and baryon number transport for the dynamical evolution of a strongly interacting system produced in heavy ion collisions. We employ a hybrid model, which combines the fluid…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 J. Steinheimer , V. Koch , M. Bleicher

High-energy heavy ion collider experiments at RHIC and LHC have revealed that relativistic hydrodynamic models describe the hot and dense quark matter quantitatively. In this study, I develop a novel dissipative hydrodynamic model at finite…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-02-11 Akihiko Monnai

A 3-fluid hydrodynamic model for simulating relativistic heavy-ion collisions is introduced. Alongside with two baryon-rich fluids, the new model considers time-delayed evolution of a third, baryon-free (i.e. with zero net baryonic charge)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Yu. B. Ivanov , V. N. Russkikh , V. D. Toneev

We present a fully three-dimensional model providing initial conditions for energy and conserved charge density distributions in heavy ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) collision energies. The model includes the dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

We develop a (3+1)-dimensional hybrid evolution model for heavy-ion collisions with dynamical sources for the energy-momentum tensor and baryon current. During an initial pre-equilibrium stage based on UrQMD, the four-momenta and baryon…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-01-23 Lipei Du , Ulrich Heinz , Gojko Vujanovic

We present a fully three-dimensional initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) collision energies. The initial energy and net baryon density profiles are produced based on a classical string…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-11-30 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

This thesis aims to elucidate the role of initial baryon stopping and its diffusion in heavy-ion collisions (HIC) using hydrodynamic model. In this regard, we have studied the observable-directed flow ($v_1$) of identified hadrons,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-05-13 Tribhuban Parida

Hybrid approaches based on relativistic hydrodynamics and transport theory have been successfully applied for many years for the dynamical description of heavy ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. In this work a new viscous hybrid…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-09 Iu. A. Karpenko , P. Huovinen , H. Petersen , M. Bleicher

We investigate baryon transport in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at energies reached at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron, BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC), and CERN LHC in the model of saturation. An analytical scaling law is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-13 Yacine Mehtar-Tani , Georg Wolschin

We develop a new dynamical model for high energy heavy-ion collisions in the beam energy region of the highest net-baryon densities on the basis of non-equilibrium microscopic transport model JAM and macroscopic 3+1D hydrodynamics by…

To explore the structure of the QCD phase diagram in high baryon density domain, several high-energy nuclear collision experiments in a wide range of beam energies are currently performed or planned using many accelerator facilities. In…

A relativistic 3-fluid 3D hydrodynamic model has been developed for describing heavy-ion collisions at incident energies between few and $\sim$ 200 A$\cdot$GeV. In addition to two baryon-rich fluids which simulate mutually decelerating…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. D. Toneev , Yu. B. Ivanov , E. G. Nikonov , W. Noerenberg , V. N. Russkikh

Heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} \sim 10$ GeV probe the QCD phase diagram at large baryon densities. Because the longitudinal Lorentz contraction is small at these collision energies, understanding the dynamics during the early…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-07-18 Chun Shen , Abel Noble , Jean-François Paquet , Björn Schenke , Charles Gale

We present a fully three-dimensional model providing initial conditions for energy and net-baryon density distributions in heavy ion collisions at arbitrary collision energy. The model includes the dynamical deceleration of participating…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-02-21 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

The fluidity of the hot and dense QCD matter is a key characteristic of the medium created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We extend the framework of the relativistic hydrodynamic model to incorporate non-thermal momentum distributions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Akihiko Monnai

I review recent developments in the field of relativistic hydrodynamics and its application to the bulk dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy- Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, I…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Bjoern Schenke

While hybrid approaches of relativistic hydrodynamics+transport have been well established for the dynamical description of heavy-ion collisions at high beam energies, moving to lower beam energies is challenging. In this work, we propose…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-16 Renan Góes-Hirayama , Joscha Egger , Zuzana Paulínyová , Iurii Karpenko , Hannah Elfner

Dissipative processes are pivotal for understanding the hydrodynamic evolution of hot and dense QCD matter created in relativistic nuclear collisions. The interplay of multiple conserved charges -- net baryon, strangeness, and electric…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-01-21 Akihiko Monnai , Grégoire Pihan , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen
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