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In the framework of computational complexity and in an effort to define a more natural reduction for problems of equivalence, we investigate the recently introduced kernel reduction, a reduction that operates on each element of a pair…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-04-29 Jeffrey Finkelstein , Benjamin Hescott

Indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) has emerged as a powerful cryptographic primitive with many implications. While classical iO, combined with the infinitely-often worst-case hardness of $\mathsf{NP}$, is known to imply one-way functions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Tomoyuki Morimae , Yuki Shirakawa , Takashi Yamakawa

NP complete problem is one of the most challenging issues. The question of whether all problems in NP are also in P is generally considered one of the most important open questions in mathematics and theoretical computer science as it has…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-04 Wenhong Tian , GuoZhong Li , Xinyang Wang , Qin Xiong , Yaqiu Jiang

The subject logic in computer science should entail proof theoretic applications. So the question arises whether open problems in computational complexity can be solved by advanced proof theoretic techniques. In particular, consider the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-12-09 L. Gordeev , E. H. Haeusler

Though the theory of quantum error correction is intimately related to the classical coding theory, in particular, one can construct quantum error correction codes (QECCs) from classical codes with the dual containing property, this does…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-08 Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Francois Le Gall

Recently a great deal of attention has focused on quantum computation following a sequence of results suggesting that quantum computers are more powerful than classical probabilistic computers. Following Shor's result that factoring and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-26 Charles H. Bennett , Ethan Bernstein , Gilles Brassard , Umesh Vazirani

We begin by establishing structural results for several fundamental quantum complexity classes: p/mBQP, p/mQ(C)MA, $\text{p/mQSZK}_{\text{hv}}$, p/mQIP, p/mBQP/qpoly, p/mBQP/poly, and p/mPSPACE. This includes identifying complete problems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Nai-Hui Chia , Kai-Min Chung , Tzu-Hsiang Huang , Jhih-Wei Shih

The polynomial-time hierarchy ($\mathrm{PH}$) has proven to be a powerful tool for providing separations in computational complexity theory (modulo standard conjectures such as $\mathrm{PH}$ does not collapse). Here, we study whether two…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Sevag Gharibian , Miklos Santha , Jamie Sikora , Aarthi Sundaram , Justin Yirka

Post-quantum cryptography currently rests on a small number of hardness assumptions, posing significant risks should any one of them be compromised. This vulnerability motivates the search for new and cryptographically versatile assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Jonathan Z. Lu , Alexander Poremba , Yihui Quek , Akshar Ramkumar

We study the problem of designing worst-case to average-case reductions for quantum algorithms. For all linear problems, we provide an explicit and efficient transformation of quantum algorithms that are only correct on a small (even…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-08 Vahid R. Asadi , Alexander Golovnev , Tom Gur , Igor Shinkar , Sathyawageeswar Subramanian

The Maximum Likelihood Decoding Problem (MLD) is known to be NP-hard and its complexity is strictly related to the security of some post-quantum cryptosystems, that is, the so-called code-based primitives. Analogously, the Multivariate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Alessio Meneghetti , Alex Pellegrini , Massimiliano Sala

We study permutation groups of given minimal degree without the classical primitivity assumption. We provide sharp upper bounds on the order of a permutation group of minimal degree m and on the number of its elements of any given support.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe , Laszlo Pyber , Aner Shalev

We introduce the entangled quantum polynomial hierarchy $\mathsf{QEPH}$ as the class of problems that are efficiently verifiable given alternating quantum proofs that may be entangled with each other. We prove $\mathsf{QEPH}$ collapses to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 Sabee Grewal , Justin Yirka

We show how to construct pseudorandom permutations (PRPs) that remain secure even if the adversary can query the permutation, both in the forward and reverse directions, on a quantum superposition of inputs. Such quantum-secure PRPs have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Mark Zhandry

We prove that the equivalence of two fundamental problems in the theory of computing. For every polynomial $t(n)\geq (1+\varepsilon)n, \varepsilon>0$, the following are equivalent: - One-way functions exists (which in turn is equivalent to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Yanyi Liu , Rafael Pass

The polynomial hierarchy plays a central role in classical complexity theory. Here, we define a quantum generalization of the polynomial hierarchy, and initiate its study. We show that not only are there natural complete problems for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-25 Sevag Gharibian , Julia Kempe

We show that approximating the trace norm contraction coefficient of a quantum channel within a constant factor is NP-hard. Equivalently, this shows that determining the optimal success probability for encoding a bit in a quantum system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Idris Delsol , Omar Fawzi , Jan Kochanowski , Akshay Ramachandran

This article presents a general solution to the problem of computational complexity. First, it gives a historical introduction to the problem since the revival of the foundational problems of mathematics at the end of the 19th century.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Rami Zaidan

Inspired by connections to two dimensional quantum theory, we define several models of computation based on permuting distinguishable particles (which we call balls), and characterize their computational complexity. In the quantum setting,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-24 Scott Aaronson , Adam Bouland , Greg Kuperberg , Saeed Mehraban

Is it possible to convert classical cryptographic reductions into post-quantum ones? It is customary to argue that while this is problematic in the interactive setting, non-interactive reductions do carry over. However, when considering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-07 Nir Bitansky , Zvika Brakerski , Yael Tauman Kalai