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In this paper we discuss algebraic, combinatorial and topological properties of singular virtual braids. On the algebraic side we state the relations between classical and virtual singular objects, in addition we discuss a Birman-like…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Bruno Aaron Cisneros de la Cruz , Guillaume Gandolfi

We establish a connection between the Alexander polynomial of a knot and its twisted and $L^2$-versions with the triangulations that appear in 3-dimensional hyperbolic geometry. Specifically, we introduce twisted Neumann--Zagier matrices of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Stavros Garoufalidis , Seokbeom Yoon

We introduce a bt-algebra of type B. We define this algebra doing the natural analogy with the original construction of the bt-algebra. Notably we find a basis for it, a faithful tensorial representation, and we prove that it supports a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Marcelo Flores

We create an invariant of virtual Y-oriented trivalent spatial graphs using colorings by virtual Niebrzydowski algebras. This paper generalizes the color invariants using virtual tribrackets and Niebrzydowski algebras by Nelson and Pico,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Evan Carr , Nancy Scherich , Sherilyn Tamagawa

Study of certain isotopy classes of a finite collection of immersed circles without triple or higher intersections on closed oriented surfaces can be thought of as a planar analogue of virtual knot theory where the genus zero case…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-19 Neha Nanda , Mahender Singh

We prove that the so-called t algebra of braids and ties supports a Markov trace. Further, by using this trace in the Jones' recipe, we define invariant polynomials for classical knots and singular knots. Our invariants have three…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-04-26 Francesca Aicardi , Jesus Juyumaya

We study invariants of virtual graphoids, which are virtual spatial graph diagrams with two distinguished degree-one vertices modulo graph Reidemeister moves applied away from the distinguished vertices. Generalizing previously known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Neslihan Gügümcü , Louis H. Kauffman , Puttipong Pongtanapaisan

A special class of braids, called woven, is introduced and it is shown that every conjugation class of the braid group contains woven braids. In consequence, links can be presented as plats or closures of woven braids. Restricting on knots,…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Jan A. Kneissler

We study generalizations of a classical link invariant -- the multivariable Alexander polynomial -- to tangles. The starting point is Archibald's tMVA invariant for virtual tangles which lives in the setting of circuit algebras, and whose…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-11-29 Iva Halacheva

In 2018, Kashaev introduced a square matrix indexed by the regions of a link diagram, and conjectured that it provides a novel way of computing the Levine-Tristram signature and Alexander polynomial of the corresponding oriented link. In…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-18 David Cimasoni , Livio Ferretti

We prove a Torres-like formula for the $L^2$-Alexander torsions of links, as well as formulas for connected sums and cablings of links. Along the way we compute explicitly the $L^2$-Alexander torsions of torus links inside the three-sphere,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-03-06 Fathi Ben Aribi

We propose a definition of the rotation number for transverse graph diagrams, extending the classical notion of the rotation number for plane curves. Using this, we introduce a normalized multi-variable Alexander polynomial for framed,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Yuanyuan Bao , Zhongtao Wu

There are many studies about twisted Alexander invariants for knots and links, but calculations of twisted Alexander invariants for spatial graphs, handlebody-knots, and surface-links have not been demonstrated well. In this paper, we give…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Atsushi Ishii , Ryo Nikkuni , Kanako Oshiro

This document explains how to obtain a Markov basis of the graphical model of the complete bipartite graph $K_{3,N}$ with binary nodes. The computations illustrate the theory developed in arXiv:1404.6392 that explains how to compute Markov…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2014-06-27 Johannes Rauh , Seth Sullivant

In this paper we look at which Alexander and Markov theories can be defined for generalized knot theories

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-02-13 Andrew Bartholomew , Roger Fenn

We show that every periodic virtual knot can be realized as the closure of a periodic virtual braid and use this to study the Alexander invariants of periodic virtual knots. If $K$ is a $q$-periodic and almost classical knot, we show that…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-08-12 Hans U. Boden , Andrew J. Nicas , Lindsay White

This survey consists of a detailed proof of Markov's Theorem based on Joan Birman's book "Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups" and Carlo Petronio's classes. It was part of an exam project in A.Y. 2016/2017 for the course Knot Theory.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Matteo Barucco , Nirvana Coppola

We study the distribution of arithmetic invariants associated to Alexander polynomials for certain infinite families of links. The families of links we consider arise from braids on a fixed number of strings. We explore analogies with…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-07-27 Anwesh Ray

We extend some classical results of Bankwitz, Crowell, and Murasugi to the setting of virtual links. For instance, we show that an alternating virtual link is split if and only if it is visibly split, and that the Alexander polynomial of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-01-12 Hans U. Boden , Homayun Karimi

Braid groups are an important and flexible tool used in several areas of science, such as Knot Theory (Alexander's theorem), Mathematical Physics (Yang-Baxter's equation) and Algebraic Geometry (monodromy invariants). In this note we will…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-10 Francesco Polizzi