Related papers: Why Nanosystems and Macroscopic Systems Behave Dif…
The temperature distribution in nanowires due to Joule heating is studied analytically using a continuum model and a Green's function approach. We show that the temperatures reached in nanowires can be much lower than that predicted by bulk…
The electron energy and density matrices in molecular systems are convex in respect of the number of particles. So that, the chemical descriptors based on their derivatives present the hamper of discontinuities for isolated systems and…
The modeling of the elastic properties of granular or nanoscale systems requires the foundations of the theory of elasticity to be revisited, as one explores scales at which this theory may no longer hold. The only cases for which a…
Entropy is one of the most fundamental quantities in physics. For systems with few degrees of freedom, the value of entropy provides a powerful insight into its microscopic dynamics, such as the number, degeneracy and relative energies of…
Environmental science almost invariably proposes problems of extreme complexity, typically characterized by strongly nonlinear evolution dynamics. The systems under investigation have many degrees of freedom - which makes them complicated -…
Quantum nanosystems involve the coupled dynamics of fermions or bosons across multiple scales in space and time. Examples include quantum dots, superconducting or magnetic nanoparticles, molecular wires, and graphene nanoribbons. The number…
Quantum nanosystems are exremely diverse and often very complicated. That is why new methods of a simple description of such systems ensuring the retention of essential part of information at small numbers of parameters are needed. We…
The theory of small-system thermodynamics was originally developed to extend the laws of thermodynamics to length scales of nanometers. Here we review this "nanothermodynamics," and stress how it also applies to large systems that subdivide…
While evaporating solvent is a widely used technique to assemble nano-sized objects into desired superstructures, there has been limited work on how the assembled structures are affected by the physical aspects of the process. We present…
The observed general time-asymmetric behavior of macroscopic systems -- embodied in the second law of thermodynamics -- arises naturally from time-symmetric microscopic laws due to the great disparity between macro and micro-scales. More…
The magnetic behavior of $Fe_{3-x}O_4$ nanoparticles synthesized either by high-temperature decomposition of an organic iron precursor or low-temperature co-precipitation in aqueous conditions, is compared. Transmission electron microscopy,…
We introduce a model of chemically active particles of a multi-component fluid that can change their interactions with other particles depending on their state. Since such switching of interactions can only be maintained by the input of…
It is now well established that materials are stronger when their dimensions are reduced to submicron scale. However, what happens at dimensions such as a few tens of nanometers or lower remains largely unknown, with conflicting reports on…
The exploration of the rich dynamics of electrons is a frontier in fundamental nano-physics. The dynamical behavior of electrons is dominated by random and chaotic thermal motion with ultrafast ($\approx$ ps) and nanoscale scatterings. This…
It is common in the study of a dizzying array of soft matter systems to perform agent-based simulations of particles interacting via conservative and often short-ranged forces. In this context, well-established algorithms for efficiently…
The entropy per particle in most Monte-Carlo simulations is size dependent due to correlated energy fluctuations. Guided by nanothermodynamics, we find a constraint for the Ising model that enhances the fluctuations and lowers the free…
We study the time evolution of the reduced density matrix of a system of spin-1/2 particles interacting with an environment of spin-1/2 particles. The initial state of the composite system is taken to be a product state of a pure state of…
Nanoscale objects often behave differently than their 'normal-sized' counterparts. Sometimes it is enough to be small in just one direction to exhibit unusual features. One example of such a phenomenon is a very specific in-plane magnetic…
Macroscopic nonextensive thermodynamics is studied without recourse to microscopic statistical mechanics. It is shown that if entropy is nonextensive, the concept of physical temperature introduced through the generalized zeroth law of…
During a spontaneous change, a macroscopic physical system will evolve towards a macro-state with more realizations. This observation is at the basis of the Statistical Mechanical version of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and it provides…