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Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-04-17 David Doty

This paper is concerned with the utilization of deterministically modeled chemical reaction networks for the implementation of (feed-forward) neural networks. We develop a general mathematical framework and prove that the ordinary…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-10 David F. Anderson , Badal Joshi , Abhishek Deshpande

Reaction prediction, a critical task in synthetic chemistry, is to predict the outcome of a reaction based on given reactants. Generative models like Transformer have typically been employed to predict the reaction product. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Taicheng Guo , Changsheng Ma , Xiuying Chen , Bozhao Nan , Kehan Guo , Shichao Pei , Nitesh V. Chawla , Olaf Wiest , Xiangliang Zhang

This work addresses multistationarity of fully open reaction networks equipped with mass action kinetics. We improve upon the existing results relating existence of positive feedback loops in a reaction network and multistationarity; and we…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Shenghao Yao , AmirHosein Sadeghimanesh , Matthew England

The ability to reason beyond established knowledge allows Organic Chemists to solve synthetic problems and to invent novel transformations. Here, we propose a model which mimics chemical reasoning and formalises reaction prediction as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Marwin H. S. Segler , Mark P. Waller

Predicting chemical reactions, a fundamental challenge in chemistry, involves forecasting the resulting products from a given reaction process. Conventional techniques, notably those employing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), are often limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Yaorui Shi , An Zhang , Enzhi Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Xiang Wang

Simulation of biomolecular networks is now indispensable for studying biological systems, from small reaction networks to large ensembles of cells. Here we present a novel approach for stochastic simulation of networks embedded in the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-28 Margaritis Voliotis , Philipp Thomas , Ramon Grima , Clive G. Bowsher

Chemical reaction networks are widely used to model stochastic dynamics in chemical kinetics, systems biology and epidemiology. Solving the chemical master equation that governs these systems poses a significant challenge due to the large…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Jiayu Weng , Xinyi Zhu , Jing Liu , Linyuan Lü , Pan Zhang , Ying Tang

Analyzing synthesis pathways for target molecules in a chemical reaction network annotated with information on the kinetics of individual reactions is an area of active study. This work presents a computational methodology for searching for…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Adittya Pal , Rolf Fagerberg , Jakob Lykke Andersen , Peter Dittrich , Daniel Merkle

We mathematically prove that chemical reaction networks without hidden layers can solve tasks for which spiking neural networks require hidden layers. Our proof uses the deterministic mass-action kinetics formulation of chemical reaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sophie Jaffard , Ivo F. Sbalzarini

In this paper, we generalize a recently introduced Expectation Maximization (EM) method for graphs and apply it to content-based networks. The EM method provides a classification of the nodes of a graph, and allows to infer relations…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Jose J. Ramasco , Muhittin Mungan

This paper analyses of a stochastic model of a chemical reaction network with three types of chemical species ${\cal R}$, ${\cal M}$ and ${\cal U}$ that interact to transform a flow of external resources, the chemical species ${\cal Q}$, to…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Vincent Fromion , Philippe Robert , Jana Zaherddine

We address the problem of simulation and parameter inference for chemical reaction networks described by the chemical Langevin equation, a stochastic differential equation (SDE) representation of the dynamics of the chemical species. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-18 Petar Jovanovski , Andrew Golightly , Umberto Picchini , Massimiliano Tamborrino

Background: A classical problem in metabolic design is to maximize the production of desired compound in a given chemical reaction network by appropriately directing the mass flow through the network. Computationally, this problem is…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2011-10-28 Jakob L. Andersen , Christoph Flamm , Daniel Merkle , Peter F. Stadler

Reaction prediction remains one of the major challenges for organic chemistry, and is a pre-requisite for efficient synthetic planning. It is desirable to develop algorithms that, like humans, "learn" from being exposed to examples of the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2017-06-01 Jennifer N. Wei , David Duvenaud , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Reliability on complex biological networks reconstructions remains a concern. Although observations are getting more and more precise, the data collection process is yet error prone and the proofs display uneven certitude. In the case of…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2010-08-20 M. Ángeles Serrano , Francesc Sagués

Stochastic reaction networks, which are usually modeled as continuous-time Markov chains on $\mathbb Z^d_{\ge 0}$, and simulated via a version of the "Gillespie algorithm," have proven to be a useful tool for the understanding of processes,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-15 David F. Anderson , Aidan S. Howells

Real-world complex systems such as ecological communities and neuron networks are essential parts of our everyday lives. These systems are composed of units which interact through intricate networks. The ability to predict sudden changes in…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-07-05 Deniz Eroglu , Matteo Tanzi , Sebastian van Strien , Tiago Pereira

This article investigates emergence and complexity in complex systems that can share information on a network. To this end, we use a theoretical approach from information theory, computability theory, and complex networks. One key studied…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Felipe S. Abrahão , Klaus Wehmuth , Artur Ziviani

In this paper, we propose a new method to identify biochemical reaction networks (i.e. both reactions and kinetic parameters) from heterogeneous datasets. Such datasets can contain (a) data from several replicates of an experiment performed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Wei Pan , Ye Yuan , Lennart Ljung , Jorge Goncalves , Guy-Bart Stan