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We examine a wide class of stochastic approximation algorithms for solving (stochastic) nonlinear problems on Riemannian manifolds. Such algorithms arise naturally in the study of Riemannian optimization, game theory and optimal transport,…
Hindman's Theorem says that every finite coloring of the positive natural numbers has a monochromatic set of finite sums. Ramsey algebras, recently introduced, are structures that satisfy an analogue of Hindman's Theorem. It is an open…
This paper proposes Inverse Gram Matrix (IGM) methods to prioritize the Pairwise Reciprocal Matrix (PRM) in the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The IGM methods include Pseudo-IGM, Normalized-IGM, and Lagrange-IGM. Interestingly, the proposed…
We study the logical and computational properties of basic theorems of uncountable mathematics, in particular Pincherle's theorem, published in 1882. This theorem states that a locally bounded function is bounded on certain domains, i.e.…
The relation between renormalization and short distance singular divergencies in quantum field theory is studied. As a consequence a finite theory is presented. It is shown that these divergencies are originated by the multiplication of…
We introduce a natural geometric framework for the study of logarithmically divergent integrals on manifolds with corners and algebraic varieties, using the techniques of logarithmic geometry. Key to the construction is a new notion of…
We reformulate slightly Russell's notion of typicality, so as to eliminate its circularity and make it applicable to elements of any first-order structure. We argue that the notion parallels Martin-L\"{o}f (ML) randomness, in the sense that…
In this article, we will introduce methods of non-standard analysis into projective geometry. Especially, we will analyze the properties of a projective space over a non-Archimedean field. Non-Archimedean fields contain numbers that are…
A reasonably complete theory of the approximation of an irrational by rational fractions whose numerators and denominators lie in prescribed arithmetic progressions is developed in this paper. Results are both, on the one hand, from a…
Equations are ubiquitous in most mathematical activities. Nevertheless, in this paper it is shown how to do standard mathematics without any equation at all. More than that, it is proven there is a foundational framework for standard…
This is a revision of the paper archived previously on August 22, 2002. It corrects a mistake in Sec. 8 concerning eccentricities of graphs. From any given sequence of finite or infinite graphs, a nonstandard graph is constructed. The…
We give a procedure for "reverse engineering" a closed, simply connected, Riemannian manifold with bounded local geometry from a sparse chain complex over $\mathbb{Z}$. Applying this procedure to chain complexes obtained by "lifting"…
Across machine learning (ML) sub-disciplines researchers make mathematical assumptions to facilitate proof-writing. While such assumptions are necessary for providing mathematical guarantees for how algorithms behave, they also necessarily…
Cut-elimination theorems constitute one of the most important classes of theorems of proof theory. Since Gentzen's proof of the cut-elimination theorem for the system $\mathbf{LK}$, several other proofs have been proposed. Even though the…
Recently, the stochastic asymptotical regularization (SAR) has been developed in (\emph{Inverse Problems}, 39: 015007, 2023) for the uncertainty quantification of the stable approximate solution of linear ill-posed inverse problems. In this…
The paper provides the proof of the Rimann's conjecture. The results of the works of A. M. Odlyzko and H. te Riile "Disproof of the Conjecture", which gives a disproof of the Mertens hypothesis, using to prove the Riemann's hypothesis. This…
Unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) is a challenging task in realistic applications. Recently, there is an increasing trend to detect anomalies with deep neural networks (DNN). However, most popular deep AD detectors cannot protect the…
One of the basic principles of Approximation Theory is that the quality of approximations increase with the smoothness of the function to be approximated. Functions that are smooth in certain subdomains will have good approximations in…
Using nonstandard analysis, an intuitive and very short proof of the Radon-Nikodym theorem is provided
Reduced Rank Extrapolation (RRE) is a polynomial type method used to accelerate the convergence of sequences of vectors $\{\boldsymbol{x}_m\}$. It is applied successfully in different disciplines of science and engineering in the solution…