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One of the main concerns while deploying machine learning models in real-world applications is fairness. Counterfactual fairness has emerged as an intuitive and natural definition of fairness. However, existing methodologies for enforcing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Krishn Vishwas Kher , Saksham Mittal , Aditya Varun , Shantanu Das , SakethaNath Jagarlapudi

Vop\v{e}nka's Alternative Set Theory can be viewed both as an evolution and as a revolution: it is based on his previous experience with nonstandard universes, inspired by Skolem's construction of a nonstandard model of arithmetic, and its…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Zuzana Haniková

Statistical inverse learning aims at recovering an unknown function $f$ from randomly scattered and possibly noisy point evaluations of another function $g$, connected to $f$ via an ill-posed mathematical model. In this paper we blend…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-22 Tapio Helin

Currently, there is a lack of rigorous theoretical system for systematically generating non-trivial and logically valid theorems. Addressing this critical gap, this paper conducts research to propose a novel automated theorem generation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yang Xu , Peiyao Liu , Shuwei Chen , Jun Liu

We prove independence of normality to different bases We show that the set of real numbers that are normal to some base is Sigma^0_4 complete in the Borel hierarchy of subsets of real numbers. This was an open problem, initiated by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Verónica Becher , Theodore A. Slaman

Thanks to the latest development in the field of Monte Carlo event generators and satellite programs allowing for a straightforward implementation of any beyond the Standard Model theory in those tools, studying the property of any…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-04-03 Benjamin Fuks

Machine learning techniques for the solution of inverse problems have become an attractive approach in the last decade, while their theoretical foundations are still in their infancy. In this chapter we want to pursue the study of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Martin Burger , Samira Kabri , Gitta Kutyniok , Yunseok Lee , Lukas Weigand

Almost two decades ago, Wattenberg published a paper with the title 'Nonstandard Analysis and Constructivism?' in which he speculates on a possible connection between Nonstandard Analysis and constructive mathematics. We study Wattenberg's…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-04-04 Sam Sanders

This paper shows the equivalence of the Riemann hypothesis to an sequence of elementary inequalities involving the harmonic numbers H_n, the sum of the reciprocals of the integers from 1 to n. It is a modification of a criterion due to Guy…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jeffrey C. Lagarias

Nonequilibrium statistical physics is concerned with a fundamental problem in physics, the phenomenon of irreversibility, which is not rigorously solved yet. Different approaches to the statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium processes are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-07 G. Röpke

Series or orthogonal basis regression is one of the most popular non-parametric regression techniques in practice, obtained by regressing the response on features generated by evaluating the basis functions at observed covariate values. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-22 Yachong Yang , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

We study Regularized Empirical Risk Minimizers (RERM) and minmax Median-Of-Means (MOM) estimators where the regularization function $\phi(\cdot)$ is an even convex function. We obtain bounds on the $L_2$-estimation error and the excess risk…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-16 Geoffrey Chinot

We establish a correspondence between inverse sumset theorems (which can be viewed as classifications of approximate (abelian) groups) and inverse theorems for the Gowers norms (which can be viewed as classifications of approximate…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Ben Green , Terence Tao

We present and discuss general techniques for proving inapproximability results for truthful mechanisms. We make use of these techniques to prove lower bounds on the approximability of several non-utilitarian multi-parameter problems. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-16 Ahuva Mu'alem , Michael Schapira

The streams of research on adversarial examples and counterfactual explanations have largely been growing independently. This has led to several recent works trying to elucidate their similarities and differences. Most prominently, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Tobias Leemann , Martin Pawelczyk , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

We use the repeated averages hierarchy to prove a Ramsey theorem regarding uniform upper estimates of convex block sequences of weakly null sequences. The base case of the theorem recovers a result of Freeman.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-26 R. M. Causey

Even though the Madelung equations are central to many 'classical' approaches to the foundations of quantum mechanics such as Bohmian and stochastic mechanics, no coherent mathematical theory has been developed so far for this system of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Maik Reddiger , Bill Poirier

J. Hadamard's ideas of correct formulation of problems of mathematical physics as well as related Banach's theorem on the inverse operator are analyzed. Modern techniques of numerical simulations are shown to be in drastic contradiction to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eugene Perchik

We develop an alternative formulation of the symmetry breaking sector of the Standard Model as a gauged non-linear sigma model (NLSM) following the philosophy of the Chiral lagrangian approach, which is the only compatible with all the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-08-14 A. Dobado , J. R. Pelaez

Convergence of projection-based methods for nonconvex set feasibility problems has been established for sets with ever weaker regularity assumptions. What has not kept pace with these developments is analogous results for convergence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-26 Aris Daniilidis , D. Russell Luke , Matthew K. Tam