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Matrix element reweighting is a powerful experimental technique widely employed to maximize the amount of information that can be extracted from a collider data set. We present a procedure that allows to automatically evaluate the weights…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-02-02 P. Artoisenet , V. Lemaître , F. Maltoni , O. Mattelaer

A data set sampled from a certain population is biased if the subgroups of the population are sampled at proportions that are significantly different from their underlying proportions. Training machine learning models on biased data sets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Jing An , Lexing Ying , Yuhua Zhu

Our method proposes the efficient generation of samples from an unnormalized Boltzmann density by solving the underlying continuity equation in the low-rank tensor train (TT) format. It is based on the annealing path commonly used in MCMC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Paul Hagemann , Janina Schütte , David Sommer , Martin Eigel , Gabriele Steidl

Stochastic gradient methods are the workhorse (algorithms) of large-scale optimization problems in machine learning, signal processing, and other computational sciences and engineering. This paper studies Markov chain gradient descent, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-13 Tao Sun , Yuejiao Sun , Wotao Yin

We introduce a path sampling method for obtaining statistical properties of an arbitrary stochastic dynamics. The method works by decomposing a trajectory in time, estimating the probability of satisfying a progress constraint, modifying…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 Nicholas Guttenberg , Aaron R. Dinner , Jonathan Weare

Sampling equilibrium distributions is fundamental to statistical mechanics. While flow matching has emerged as scalable state-of-the-art paradigm for generative modeling, its potential for equilibrium sampling in condensed-phase systems…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Emil Hoffmann , Maximilian Schebek , Leon Klein , Frank Noé , Jutta Rogal

Sampling equilibrium molecular configurations from the Boltzmann distribution is a longstanding challenge. Boltzmann Generators (BGs) address this by combining exact-likelihood generative models with importance sampling, but practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Weilong Chen , Bojun Zhao , Jan Eckwert , Julija Zavadlav

When sampling multi-modal probability distributions, correctly estimating the relative probability of each mode, even when the modes have been discovered and locally sampled, remains challenging. We test a simple reweighting scheme designed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Pierre Monmarché

Rare event simulation and estimation for systems in equilibrium are among the most challenging topics in molecular dynamics. As was shown by Jarzynski and others, nonequilibrium forcing can theoretically be used to obtain equilibrium rare…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Carsten Hartmann , Christof Schütte

In this paper we study a bootstrap strategy for estimating the variance of a mean taken over large multifactor crossed random effects data sets. We apply bootstrap reweighting independently to the levels of each factor, giving each…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-28 Art B. Owen , Dean Eckles

The dynamics of molecules are governed by rare event transitions between long-lived (metastable) states. To explore these transitions efficiently, many enhanced sampling protocols have been introduced that involve using simulations with…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-09-30 Maaike M. Galama , Hao Wu , Andreas Krämer , Mohsen Sadeghi , Frank Noé

In comparison to numerous enhanced sampling methods for equilbrium thermodynamics, accelerating simulations for kinetics and nonequilibrium statistics are relatively rare and less effective. Here we derive a time-reversal path sampling…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Zhirong Liu

Imbalance in covariate distributions leads to biased estimates of causal effects. Weighting methods attempt to correct this imbalance but rely on specifying models for the treatment assignment mechanism, which is unknown in observational…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-13 Eric Dunipace

In this work, we propose Random Walk-steered Majority Undersampling (RWMaU), which undersamples the majority points of a class imbalanced dataset, in order to balance the classes. Rather than marking the majority points which belong to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Payel Sadhukhan , Arjun Pakrashi , Brian Mac Namee

Reconstructing weighted networks from partial information is necessary in many important circumstances, e.g. for a correct estimation of systemic risk. It has been shown that, in order to achieve an accurate reconstruction, it is crucial to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-03-07 Tiziano Squartini , Giulio Cimini , Andrea Gabrielli , Diego Garlaschelli

The weighted ensemble (WE) method, an enhanced sampling approach based on periodically replicating and pruning trajectories in a set of parallel simulations, has grown increasingly popular for computational biochemistry problems, due in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-06-23 D. Aristoff , J. Copperman , G. Simpson , R. J. Webber , D. M. Zuckerman

A recursive state estimation procedure is derived for a linear time varying system with both parametric uncertainties and stochastic measurement droppings. This estimator has a similar form as that of the Kalman filter with intermittent…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Tong Zhou

Sampling all possible transition paths between two 3D states of a molecular system has various applications ranging from catalyst design to drug discovery. Current approaches to sample transition paths use Markov chain Monte Carlo and rely…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-29 Michael Plainer , Hannes Stärk , Charlotte Bunne , Stephan Günnemann

High-dimensional data are routinely collected in many areas. We are particularly interested in Bayesian classification models in which one or more variables are imbalanced. Current Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for posterior…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-15 Deborshee Sen , Matthias Sachs , Jianfeng Lu , David Dunson

Scalable sampling of molecular states in thermodynamic equilibrium is a long-standing challenge in statistical physics. Boltzmann generators tackle this problem by pairing normalizing flows with importance sampling to obtain uncorrelated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Charlie B. Tan , Avishek Joey Bose , Chen Lin , Leon Klein , Michael M. Bronstein , Alexander Tong