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Understanding documents is central to many real-world tasks but remains a challenging topic. Unfortunately, there is no well-established consensus on how to comprehensively evaluate document understanding abilities, which significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Ruoxi Xu , Hongyu Lin , Xinyan Guan , Xianpei Han , Yingfei Sun , Le Sun

Progress in speech processing has been facilitated by shared datasets and benchmarks. Historically these have focused on automatic speech recognition (ASR), speaker identification, or other lower-level tasks. Interest has been growing in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Suwon Shon , Ankita Pasad , Felix Wu , Pablo Brusco , Yoav Artzi , Karen Livescu , Kyu J. Han

Spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks have been studied for many decades in the speech research community, but have not received as much attention as lower-level tasks like speech and speaker recognition. In particular, there are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Suwon Shon , Siddhant Arora , Chyi-Jiunn Lin , Ankita Pasad , Felix Wu , Roshan Sharma , Wei-Lun Wu , Hung-Yi Lee , Karen Livescu , Shinji Watanabe

This technical report briefly describes our JDExplore d-team's submission Vega v1 on the General Language Understanding Evaluation (GLUE) leaderboard, where GLUE is a collection of nine natural language understanding tasks, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Keqin Peng , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Li Shen , Yibing Zhan , Dacheng Tao

Neural network has been recognized with its accomplishments on tackling various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. Methods have been developed to train a robust model to handle multiple tasks to gain a general representation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Jiacheng Wang , Yong Fan , Duo Jiang , Shiqing Li

In this paper, we introduce an advanced Russian general language understanding evaluation benchmark -- RussianGLUE. Recent advances in the field of universal language models and transformers require the development of a methodology for…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code understanding and generation. However, their effectiveness on non-code Software Engineering (SE) tasks remains underexplored. We present 'Software Engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fabian C. Peña , Steffen Herbold

Self-supervised learning (SSL) for speech representation has been successfully applied in various downstream tasks, such as speech and speaker recognition. More recently, speech SSL models have also been shown to be beneficial in advancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Takanori Ashihara , Takafumi Moriya , Kohei Matsuura , Tomohiro Tanaka , Yusuke Ijima , Taichi Asami , Marc Delcroix , Yukinori Honma

To address the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of French Natural Language Understanding (NLU), we introduce COLE, a new benchmark composed of 23 diverse task covering a broad range of NLU capabilities, including sentiment analysis,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 David Beauchemin , Yan Tremblay , Mohamed Amine Youssef , Richard Khoury

In this work, we introduce skLEP, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed for evaluating Slovak natural language understanding (NLU) models. We have compiled skLEP to encompass nine diverse tasks that span token-level,…

A central question in natural language understanding (NLU) research is whether high performance demonstrates the models' strong reasoning capabilities. We present an extensive series of controlled experiments where pre-trained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Aarne Talman , Marianna Apidianaki , Stergios Chatzikyriakidis , Jörg Tiedemann

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that uses intelligent computer software to understand texts that encode human knowledge. Recent years have witnessed notable progress across various NLU…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Xinliang Frederick Zhang

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are known to improve the generalization performance of natural language understanding models by leveraging large amounts of data during the pre-training phase. However, the out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Linyi Yang , Shuibai Zhang , Libo Qin , Yafu Li , Yidong Wang , Hanmeng Liu , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie , Yue Zhang

Evaluation for many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks is broken: Unreliable and biased systems score so highly on standard benchmarks that there is little room for researchers who develop better systems to demonstrate their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Samuel R. Bowman , George E. Dahl

A long-standing goal of task-oriented dialogue research is the ability to flexibly adapt dialogue models to new domains. To progress research in this direction, we introduce DialoGLUE (Dialogue Language Understanding Evaluation), a public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Shikib Mehri , Mihail Eric , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

The GLUE benchmark (Wang et al., 2019b) is a suite of language understanding tasks which has seen dramatic progress in the past year, with average performance moving from 70.0 at launch to 83.9, state of the art at the time of writing (May…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Nikita Nangia , Samuel R. Bowman

Spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks involve diverse skills that probe the information extraction, classification and/or generation capabilities of models. In this setting, task-specific training data may not always be available. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Neeraj Agrawal , Sriram Ganapathy

We present FLUKE (Framework for LingUistically-driven and tasK-agnostic robustness Evaluation), a framework for assessing model robustness through systematic minimal variations of test data. FLUKE introduces controlled variations across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yulia Otmakhova , Hung Thinh Truong , Rahmad Mahendra , Zenan Zhai , Rongxin Zhu , Daniel Beck , Jey Han Lau

Pre-trained language models have shown impressive performance on a variety of tasks and domains. Previous research on financial language models usually employs a generic training scheme to train standard model architectures, without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Raj Sanjay Shah , Kunal Chawla , Dheeraj Eidnani , Agam Shah , Wendi Du , Sudheer Chava , Natraj Raman , Charese Smiley , Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang

In recent years, a series of Transformer-based models unlocked major improvements in general natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. Such a fast pace of research would not be possible without general NLU benchmarks, which allow for a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Piotr Rybak , Robert Mroczkowski , Janusz Tracz , Ireneusz Gawlik