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This paper proposes an approach to detect information relevance during decision-making from eye movements in order to enable user interface adaptation. This is a challenging task because gaze behavior varies greatly across individual users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Anna Maria Feit , Lukas Vordemann , Seonwook Park , Caterina Bérubé , Otmar Hilliges

The relationship between emotional expression and eye movement is well-documented, with literature establishing gaze patterns are reliable indicators of emotion. However, most studies utilize specialized, high-resolution eye-tracking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Marcus Ma , Jordan Prescott , Emily Zhou , Tiantian Feng , Kleanthis Avramidis , Gabor Mihaly Toth , Shrikanth Narayanan

This article adds to the understanding of teachers' visual expertise by measuring visual information processing in real-world classrooms (mobile eye-tracking) with the newly introduced Gaze Relational Index (GRI) metric, which is defined as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Christian Kosel , Angelina Mooseder , Tina Seidel , Juergen Pfeffer

We examined eye and head movements to gain insights into skill development in clinical settings. A total of 24 practitioners participated in simulated baby delivery training sessions. We calculated key metrics, including pupillary response…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Kayhan Latifzadeh , Luis A. Leiva , Klen Čopič Pucihar , Matjaž Kljun , Iztok Devetak , Lili Steblovnik

This work presents a study on the extraction and analysis of a set of 101 categories of eye movement features from three types of eye movement events: fixations, saccades, and post-saccadic oscillations. The eye movements were recorded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Ioannis Rigas , Lee Friedman , Oleg Komogortsev

In eye movement research in reading, the amount of data plays a crucial role for the validation of results. A methodological problem for the analysis of the eye movement in reading are blinks, when readers close their eyes. Blinking rate…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2009-11-13 M. S. Baptista , C. Bohn , R. Kliegl , R. Engbert , J. Kurths

Nowadays, learning increasingly involves the usage of search engines and web resources. The related interdisciplinary research field search as learning aims to understand how people learn on the web. Previous work has investigated several…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Wolfgang Gritz , Anett Hoppe , Ralph Ewerth

We explore techniques for eye gaze estimation using machine learning. Eye gaze estimation is a common problem for various behavior analysis and human-computer interfaces. The purpose of this work is to discuss various model types for eye…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Aveena Kottwani , Ayush Kumar

Following the gaze of people inside videos is an important signal for understanding people and their actions. In this paper, we present an approach for following gaze across views by predicting where a particular person is looking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Adrià Recasens , Carl Vondrick , Aditya Khosla , Antonio Torralba

Methods for scoring text readability have been studied for over a century, and are widely used in research and in user-facing applications in many domains. Thus far, the development and evaluation of such methods have primarily relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Keren Gruteke Klein , Shachar Frenkel , Omer Shubi , Yevgeni Berzak

There is growing interest in incorporating eye-tracking data and other implicit measures of human language processing into natural language processing (NLP) pipelines. The data from human language processing contain unique insight into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Karin de Langis , Dongyeop Kang

We address the challenge of unsupervised mistake detection in egocentric video of skilled human activities through the analysis of gaze signals. While traditional methods rely on manually labeled mistakes, our approach does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Michele Mazzamuto , Antonino Furnari , Yoichi Sato , Giovanni Maria Farinella

Mobile gaze tracking involves inferring a user's gaze point or direction on a mobile device's screen from facial images captured by the device's front camera. While this technology inspires an increasing number of gaze-interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yaxiong Lei , Yuheng Wang , Fergus Buchanan , Mingyue Zhao , Yusuke Sugano , Shijing He , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

Imitating how humans move their gaze in a visual scene is a vital research problem for both visual understanding and psychology, kindling crucial applications such as building alive virtual characters. Previous studies aim to predict gaze…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Xiaochuan Liu , Xin Cheng , Yuchong Sun , Xiaoxue Wu , Ruihua Song , Hao Sun , Denghao Zhang

Technical progress in hardware and software enables us to record gaze data in everyday situations and over long time spans. Among a multitude of research opportunities, this technology enables visualization researchers to catch a glimpse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Maurice Koch , Kuno Kurzhals , Michael Burch , Daniel Weiskopf

In Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR) experiments the user's gaze motion on web pages is often recorded with eye tracking. The data is used to analyze gaze behavior or to identify Areas of Interest (AOI) the user has looked at. So far,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Daniel Hienert , Dagmar Kern , Matthew Mitsui , Chirag Shah , Nicholas J. Belkin

Advanced multimodal AI agents can now collaborate with users to solve challenges in the world. Yet, these emerging contextual AI systems rely on explicit communication channels between the user and system. We hypothesize that implicit…

Successful learning depends on learners' ability to sustain attention, which is particularly challenging in online education due to limited teacher interaction. A potential indicator for attention is gaze synchrony, demonstrating predictive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Babette Bühler , Efe Bozkir , Hannah Deininger , Peter Gerjets , Ulrich Trautwein , Enkelejda Kasneci

When we read, our brain processes language and generates cognitive processing data such as gaze patterns and brain activity. These signals can be recorded while reading. Cognitive language processing data such as eye-tracking features have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Nora Hollenstein , Maria Barrett , Marius Troendle , Francesco Bigiolli , Nicolas Langer , Ce Zhang

We explore whether it is possible to leverage eye-tracking data in an RNN dependency parser (for English) when such information is only available during training, i.e., no aggregated or token-level gaze features are used at inference time.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Michalina Strzyz , David Vilares , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez