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Readers can have different goals with respect to the text that they are reading. Can these goals be decoded from their eye movements over the text? In this work, we examine for the first time whether it is possible to distinguish between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Omer Shubi , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Yevgeni Berzak

We conducted an eye-tracking study where 30 participants performed searches on the web. We measured their topical knowledge before and after each task. Their eye-fixations were labelled as "reading" or "scanning". The series of reading…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Nilavra Bhattacharya , Jacek Gwizdka

Dyslexia, affecting an estimated 10% to 20% of the global population, significantly impairs learning capabilities, highlighting the need for innovative and accessible diagnostic methods. This paper investigates the effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kevin Cogan , Vuong M. Ngo , Mark Roantree

The gaze behaviour of a reader is helpful in solving several NLP tasks such as automatic essay grading. However, collecting gaze behaviour from readers is costly in terms of time and money. In this paper, we propose a way to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Sandeep Mathias , Rudra Murthy , Diptesh Kanojia , Abhijit Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

In this work, we analyze how human gaze during reading comprehension is conditioned on the given reading comprehension question, and whether this signal can be beneficial for machine reading comprehension. To this end, we collect a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Jonathan Malmaud , Roger Levy , Yevgeni Berzak

In this paper, we consider the problem of tracking the eye-gaze of individuals while they engage in reading. Particularly, we develop ways to accurately track the line being read by an individual using commercially available eye tracking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

Be it your favorite novel, a newswire article, a cooking recipe or an academic paper -- in many daily situations we read the same text more than once. In this work, we ask whether it is possible to automatically determine whether the reader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yoav Meiri , Omer Shubi , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Ariel Kreisberg Nitzav , Yevgeni Berzak

Visualization literacy assessments typically rely on correctness to classify performance, providing little evidence about how readers arrive at their answers. We argue that gaze can address this gap as an implicit process signal that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Kathrin Schnizer

Reading ability detection is important in modern educational field. In this paper, a method of predicting scores of reading ability is proposed, using the eye-tracking data of a few subjects (e.g., 68 subjects). The proposed method built a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Nanxi Li , Hongjiang Wang , Zehui Zhan

Human eye tracking devices can help to investigate principles of processing visual information by humans. The attention focus movement during the gaze can be used for behavioural analysis of humans. In this work we describe our experimental…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-05 R. Kovtun , S. Radchenko , A. Netreba , O. Sudakov , R. Natarov , Z. Dyka , I. Kabin , P. Langendörfer

We study the problem of identifying individuals based on their characteristic gaze patterns during reading of arbitrary text. The motivation for this problem is an unobtrusive biometric setting in which a user is observed during access to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Ahmed Abdelwahab , Reinhold Kliegl , Niels Landwehr

Eye movement patterns reflect human latent internal cognitive activities. We aim to discover eye movement patterns during face recognition under different cognitions of information concealing. These cognitions include the degrees of face…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Jiaxu Zuo , Tom Gedeon , Zhenyue Qin

Eye movements can provide informative cues to understand human visual scan/search behavior and cognitive load during varying tasks. Visualizations of real-time gaze measures during tasks, provide an understanding of human behavior as the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Gavindya Jayawardena , Vikas Ashok , Sampath Jayarathna

My system utilizes the outcomes feature found in Moodle and other learning content management systems (LCMSs) to keep track of where students are in terms of what language competencies they have mastered and the competencies they need to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-06-27 Robert Bishop

Cognitively inspired Natural Language Pro-cessing uses human-derived behavioral datalike eye-tracking data, which reflect the seman-tic representations of language in the humanbrain to augment the neural nets to solve arange of tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Varun Madhavan , Aditya Girish Pawate , Shraman Pal , Abhranil Chandra

Eye movements are intricate and dynamic biosignals that contain a wealth of cognitive information about the subject. However, these are ambiguous signals and therefore require meticulous feature engineering to be used by machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Louise Gillian C. Bautista , Prospero C. Naval

Understanding how novices acquire and hone visual search skills is crucial for developing and optimizing training methods across domains. Network analysis methods can be used to analyze graph representations of visual expertise. This study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Pingjing Yang , Jennifer Cromley , Jana Diesner

Language learners should regularly engage in reading challenging materials as part of their study routine. Nevertheless, constantly referring to dictionaries is time-consuming and distracting. This paper presents a novel gaze-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Taichi Higasa , Keitaro Tanaka , Qi Feng , Shigeo Morishima

Losing track of reading progress during line switching can be frustrating. Eye gaze tracking technology offers a potential solution by highlighting read paragraphs, aiding users in avoiding wrong line switches. However, the gap between gaze…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Sikai Yang , Gang Yan , Wan Du

There is a growing interest in the combined use of NLP and machine learning methods to predict gaze patterns during naturalistic reading. While promising results have been obtained through the use of transformer-based language models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Daniel Wiechmann , Yu Qiao , Elma Kerz , Justus Mattern