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Despite recent advances in autonomous driving systems, accidents such as the fatal Uber crash in 2018 show these systems are still susceptible to edge cases. Such systems must be thoroughly tested and validated before being deployed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Baiting Luo , Christopher Kuhn , Gabor Karsai , Abhishek Dubey

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) rely on Deep Neural Networks, allowing vehicles to navigate complex, open environments. However, the unpredictability of these scenarios highlights the need for rigorous system-level testing to ensure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hossein Yousefizadeh , Shenghui Gu , Lionel C. Briand , Ali Nasr

The safety of Automated Vehicles (AV) as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) depends on the safety of their consisting modules (software and hardware) and their rigorous integration. Deep Learning is one of the dominant techniques used for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Mohammad Hekmatnejad , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos

Virtual testing of automated driving systems (ADS) has become an essential part of testing procedures for all automation levels. As ADS from automation level 3 and up are very complex, virtual testing for such systems is inevitable. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Demin Nalic , Aleksa Pandurevic , Arno Eichberger , Branko Rogic

We present a framework to systematically analyze convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used in classification of cars in autonomous vehicles. Our analysis procedure comprises an image generator that produces synthetic pictures by sampling in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-14 Tommaso Dreossi , Shromona Ghosh , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Sanjit A. Seshia

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

Many modern cyber physical systems incorporate computer vision technologies, complex sensors and advanced control software, allowing them to interact with the environment autonomously. Testing such systems poses numerous challenges: not…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Dmytro Humeniuk , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

Autonomous vehicles are in an intensive research and development stage, and the organizations developing these systems are targeting to deploy them on public roads in a very near future. One of the expectations from fully-automated vehicles…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , Georgios Fainekos

Most state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. As a consequence, adversarial robustness poses a significant challenge for the deployment of ML-based systems in safety- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Felix Assion , Peter Schlicht , Florens Greßner , Wiebke Günther , Fabian Hüger , Nico Schmidt , Umair Rasheed

Testing autonomous vehicles in simulation environments is crucial. Sim-ATAV is an open-source framework developed for experimenting with different test generation techniques in simulation environments for research purposes. This document…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali

In the rapidly evolving field of autonomous systems, the safety and reliability of the system components are fundamental requirements. These components are often vulnerable to complex and unforeseen environments, making natural edge-case…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Hsin-Jung Yang , Joe Beck , Md Zahid Hasan , Ekin Beyazit , Subhadeep Chakraborty , Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn , Soumik Sarkar

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

Deep learning has become an increasingly common technique for various control problems, such as robotic arm manipulation, robot navigation, and autonomous vehicles. However, the downside of using deep neural networks to learn control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Sampo Kuutti , Saber Fallah , Richard Bowden

Continuous engineering of autonomous driving functions commonly requires deploying vehicles in road testing to obtain inputs that cause problematic decisions. Although the discovery leads to producing an improved system, it also challenges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Chih-Hong Cheng , Rongjie Yan

Autonomous systems require identifying the environment and it has a long way to go before putting it safely into practice. In autonomous driving systems, the detection of obstacles and traffic lights are of importance as well as lane…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Namig Aliyev , Oguzhan Sezer , Mehmet Turan Guzel

We propose a unified deep learning framework for the generation and analysis of driving scenario trajectories, and validate its effectiveness in a principled way. To model and generate scenarios of trajectories with different lengths, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Andreas Demetriou , Henrik Alfsvåg , Sadegh Rahrovani , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

This report documents safety assurance argument templates to support the deployment and operation of autonomous systems that include machine learning (ML) components. The document presents example safety argument templates covering: the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Robin Bloomfield , Gareth Fletcher , Heidy Khlaaf , Luke Hinde , Philippa Ryan

Self-driving cars have the potential to revolutionize transportation, but ensuring their safety remains a significant challenge. These systems must navigate a variety of unexpected scenarios on the road, and their complexity poses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Tony Zhang , Burak Kantarci , Umair Siddique

Simulation-based verification is beneficial for assessing otherwise dangerous or costly on-road testing of autonomous vehicles (AV). This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently generating effective tests for simulation-based AV…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Greg Chance , Abanoub Ghobrial , Severin Lemaignan , Tony Pipe , Kerstin Eder