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It is explained that, for black holes much heavier than the Planck mass, black hole microstates can be well understood without string theory. It is essential to understand the antipodal identification at the horizon. We show why the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-02 Gerard `t Hooft

We explore the quantum nature of black holes by introducing an effective framework that takes into account deviations from the classical results. The approach is based on introducing quantum corrections to the classical Schwarzschild…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-14 Emanuele Binetti , Manuel Del Piano , Stefan Hohenegger , Franco Pezzella , Francesco Sannino

Event horizons are a defining feature of black holes. Consequently, there have been many efforts to probe their existence in astrophysical black hole candidates, spanning ten orders of magnitude in mass. Nevertheless, horizons remain an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-19 Shokoufe Faraji , Avery E. Broderick

Matters falling into and consisting of a blackhole can oscillate periodically across instead of accumulate statically on the central point and form singularities there. In quantum language, this oscillation not only resolves central…

General Physics · Physics 2019-03-12 Ding-fang Zeng

Modes just outside the horizon of a typical old black hole are thermally entangled with distant Hawking radiation. This precludes their entangled purity with interior modes, leading to a firewall. Identifying the interior with the distant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-02-05 Raphael Bousso

The black hole information paradox has been hotly debated for the last few decades, without full resolution. This makes it desirable to find analogs of this paradox in simple and experimentally accessible systems, whose resolutions may shed…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-01-28 Ken K. W. Ma , Kun Yang

We study thermodynamic quantities and phase transitions of a spherically symmetric Schwarzschild black hole by taking into account the back reaction through the conformal anomaly of matter fields, and show that there exists an additional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-19 Edwin J. Son , Wontae Kim

I propose that the information loss paradox can be resolved by considering the supertranslation of the horizon caused by the ingoing particles. Information can be recovered in principle, but it is lost for all practical purposes.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-04 S. W. Hawking

For an effective field theory in the background of an evaporating black hole with spherical symmetry, we consider non-renormalizable interactions and their relevance to physical effects. The background geometry is determined by the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-03 Pei-Ming Ho , Yuki Yokokura

Forty years after the discovery of Hawking radiation, its exact nature remains elusive. If Hawking radiation does not carry any information out from the ever shrinking black hole, it seems that unitarity is violated once the black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-01 Pisin Chen , Yen Chin Ong , Dong-han Yeom

We study event horizons of non-axisymmetric black holes and show how features found in axisymmetric studies of colliding black holes and of toroidal black holes are non-generic and how new features emerge. Most of the details of black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-25 Sascha Husa , Jeffrey Winicour

Suppose a black hole forms from a pure quantum state $\ket{\psi}$. The black hole information loss paradox arises from semiclassical arguments suggesting that, even in a closed system, the process of black hole formation and evaporation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-15 Kiran Adhikari

Considering the role of black hole singularity in quantum evolution, a resolution to the firewall paradox is presented. It is emphasized that if an observer has the singularity as a part of his spacetime, then the semi-classical evolution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-03 Furkan Semih Dündar , Kamal Hajian

In this essay, we examine the implications of the ongoing black holes vs. firewalls debate for the thermo-field dynamics of black holes by analyzing a CFT in a thermal state in the context of AdS/CFT. We argue that the themo-field doubled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Borun D. Chowdhury

We show that, within the AdS/CFT correspondence, recent formulations of the information paradox can be reduced to a question about the existence of certain kinds of operators in the CFT. We describe a remarkably simple construction of these…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-02-12 Kyriakos Papadodimas , Suvrat Raju

We propose an alternative description of the Schwarzschild black hole based on the requirement that the solution be static not only outside the horizon but also inside it. As a consequence of this assumption, we are led to a change of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-13 L. Herrera , L. Witten

We assume that a quantum gravity theory exists where evolutions are unitary, no information is lost, singularities are resolved, and horizons form. Thus a massive star will collapse to a black hole having a horizon and an interior…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-01-07 S. Kalyana Rama

The black hole information paradox arises from an apparent conflict between the Hawking black hole radiation and the fact that time evolution in quantum mechanics is unitary. The trouble is that while the former suggests that information of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-07 E. Okon , D. Sudarsky

A general formulation of the basic conflict of the information problem is given, encapsulated in a "black hole theorem." This is framed in a more general context than the usual one of quantum field theory on a background, and is based on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-27 Steven B. Giddings

One of the most fundamental features of a black hole in general relativity is its event horizon: a boundary from which nothing can escape. There has been a recent surge of interest in the nature of these event horizons and their local…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-11 Niayesh Afshordi , Yasaman K. Yazdi
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