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The central idea advocated in this paper is that {forming the black hole horizon is attended with transition from the classical regime of evolution to the quantum one}. We justify the following criterion for discriminating between the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 B. P. Kosyakov

The radiation emitted by a black hole (BH) during its evaporation has to have some degree of quantum coherence to accommodate a unitary time evolution. We parametrize the degree of coherence by the number of coherently emitted particles…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-01-08 Ram Brustein , A. J. M. Medved

The origin of black hole entropy and the black hole information problem provide important clues for trying to piece together a quantum theory of gravity. Thus far, discussions on this topic have mostly assumed that in a consistent theory of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-10-02 Markus P. Mueller , Jonathan Oppenheim , Oscar C. O. Dahlsten

For a unitary description of an evaporating black hole, one usually chooses the time slices that cover only outside of the event horizon, which is mostly problem-free because the event horizon is not encountered. However, is there any…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-24 Wei-Chen Lin , Dong-han Yeom , Dejan Stojkovic

Interest in the black hole information paradox has recently been catalyzed by the newer "firewall" argument. The crux of the updated argument is that previous solutions which relied on observer complementarity are in violation of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-12 K. L. H. Bryan , A. J. M. Medved

The black hole information problem has been a challenge since Hawking's original 1975 paper. It led to the discovery of AdS/CFT, which gave a partial resolution of the paradox. However, recent developments, in particular the firewall…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-21 Joseph Polchinski

In this work, we derive rigorous and universal bounds on the geometric characteristics of black holes in asymptotically flat spacetimes under assumptions that weak energy condition is satisfied. We prove that the event horizon radius, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-03 Vitalii Vertogradov

Black hole entropy has been shown by 't Hooft to diverge at the horizon, whereas entanglement entropy in general does not. We show that because the region near the horizon is a thermal state, entropy is linear to energy, and energy at a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 Judy Kupferman

We show that, in order to preserve the equivalence principle until late times in unitarily evaporating black holes, the thermodynamic entropy of a black hole must be primarily entropy of entanglement across the event horizon. For such black…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-07 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola , Karol Życzkowski

Hawking radiation is often intuitively visualized as particles that have tunneled across the horizon. Yet, at first sight, it is not apparent where the barrier is. Here I show that the barrier depends on the tunneling particle itself. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Maulik K. Parikh

In the fuzzball paradigm the information paradox is resolved because the black hole is replaced by an object with no horizon. One may therefore ask if observations can distinguish a traditional hole from a fuzzball. We find: (a) It is very…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-15 Bin Guo , Shaun Hampton , Samir D. Mathur

By allowing the light cones to tip over on hypersurfaces according to the conservation laws of an one-kink in static, Schwarzschild and five-dimensional black hole metrics, we show that in the quantum regime there also exist instantons…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Pedro F. Gonzalez-Diaz

One of the remarkable features of black holes is that they possess a thermodynamic description, even though they do not appear to be statistical systems. We use self-gravitating magnetic monopole solutions as tools for understanding the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Arthur Lue , Erick J. Weinberg

Under reasonable assumptions, black holes have been argued to form firewalls, burning up anything crossing their horizons. This argument finds that a firewall would appear very late in a black hole's lifetime, when Hawking radiation has…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-07 Zhi-Wei Wang , Saurya Das , Samuel L. Braunstein

Unitary black hole evaporation necessarily involves a late-time superposition of decoherent states, including states describing distinct spacetimes (e.g., different center of mass trajectories of the black hole). Typical analyses of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-06 Stephen D. H. Hsu

A non-singular black hole solution is briefly presented which violates energy conditions only at its interior by postulating a consistent shift to negative energies and gravitationally repulsive negative masses at the event horizon. This…

General Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Manuel Uruena Palomo

A procedure to derive a unitary evolution law for a quantised black hole, has been proposed by the author. The proposal requires that one starts off with the entire Penrose diagram for the eternal black hole as the background metric, after…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-03 Gerard t Hooft

In the firewall proposal, it is assumed that the firewall lies near the event horizon and should not be observable except by infalling observers, who are presumably terminated at the firewall. However, if the firewall is located near where…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-27 Pisin Chen , Yen Chin Ong , Don N. Page , Misao Sasaki , Dong-han Yeom

We consider the black hole information problem in an explicitly defined spacetime modelling black hole evaporation. Using this context we review basic aspects of the problem, with a particular effort to be unambiguous about subtle topics,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-16 Joseph Schindler , Evan Frangipane , Anthony Aguirre

Recently, it was discussed how the presence of a Killing horizon induces decoherence on a quantum system in a superposition of states. Focusing on the case of an electrically-charged system with superposed positions, this would happen due…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-20 Max Joseph Fahn , Alessandro Pesci