Related papers: Ends, tangles and critical vertex sets

We show that an arbitrary infinite graph can be compactified by its ${\aleph_0}$-tangles in much the same way as the ends of a locally finite graph compactify it in its Freudenthal compactification. In general, the ends then appear as a…

In finite graphs, finite-order tangles offer an abstract description of highly connected substructures. In infinite graphs, infinite-order tangles compactify the graphs in the same way the ends compactify connected locally finite graphs.…

The end compactification |\Gamma| of the locally finite graph \Gamma is the union of the graph and its ends, endowed with a suitable topology. We show that \pi_1(|\Gamma|) embeds into a nonstandard free group with hyperfinitely many…

There are different definitions of ends in non-locally-finite graphs which are all equivalent in the locally finite case. We prove the compactness of the end-topology that is based on the principle of removing finite sets of vertices and…

Every end of an infinite graph $ G $ defines a tangle of infinite order in $ G $. These tangles indicate a highly cohesive substructure in the graph if and only if they are closed in some natural topology. We characterize, for every finite…

We show that the tangle space of a graph, which compactifies it, is a quotient of its Stone-\v{C}ech remainder obtained by contracting the connected components.

While finite graphs have tree-decompositions that efficiently distinguish all their tangles, locally finite graphs with thick ends need not have such tree-decompositions. We show that every locally finite graph without thick ends admits…

Let $G$ be a finite group and construct a graph $\Delta(G)$ by taking $G\setminus\{1\}$ as the vertex set of $\Delta(G)$ and by drawing an edge between two vertices $x$ and $y$ if $\langle x,y\rangle$ is cyclic. Let $K(G)$ be the set…

The Gruenberg-Kegel graph $\Gamma(G)$ associated with a finite group $G$ has as vertices the prime divisors of $|G|$, with an edge from $p$ to $q$ if and only if $G$ contains an element of order $pq$. This graph has been the subject of much…

Answering a question of Diestel, we develop a topological notion of gammoids in infinite graphs which, unlike traditional infinite gammoids, always define a matroid. As our main tool, we prove for any infinite graph $G$ with vertex sets $A$…

Every finite graph $G$ can be decomposed in a canonical way that displays its local connectivity-structure [DJKK26]. These decompositions are defined via a suitable more tree-like covering of $G$, whose tangle-tree structure is projected…

Let $\Gamma(G)$ be the Gruenberg-Kegel graph of a finite group $G$. We prove that if $G$ is solvable and $\sigma$ is a cut-set for $\Gamma(G)$, then $G$ has a $\sigma$-series of length $5$ whose factors are controlled. As a consequence, we…

Consider a fixed connected, finite graph $\Gamma$ and equip its vertices with weights $p_i$ which are non-negative integers. We show that there is a finite number of possibilities for the coefficients of the canonical cycle of a numerically…

A {\it graph product} $G$ on a graph $\Gamma$ is a group defined as follows: For each vertex $v$ of $\Gamma$ there is a corresponding non-trivial group $G_v$. The group $G$ is the quotient of the free product of the $G_v$ by the commutation…

For a finite group $G,$ we investigate the direct graph $\Gamma(G),$ whose vertices are the non-hypercentral elements of $G$ and where there is an edge $x\mapsto y$ if and only if $[x,_ny]=1$ for some $n \in \mathbb N.$ We prove that…

Among the well-known sufficient degree conditions for the Hamiltonicity of a finite graph, the condition of Asratian and Khachatrian is the weakest and thus gives the strongest result. Diestel conjectured that it should extend to locally…

We present a canonical way to decompose finite graphs into highly connected local parts. The decomposition depends only on an integer parameter whose choice sets the intended degree of locality. The global structure of the graph, as…

The Gruenberg--Kegel graph (or the prime graph) $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is defined as follows. The vertex set of $\Gamma(G)$ is the set of all prime divisors of the order of $G$. Two distinct primes $r$ and $s$ regarded as…

Consider a plane graph G, drawn with straight lines. For every pair a,b of vertices of G, we compare the shortest-path distance between a and b in G (with Euclidean edge lengths) to their actual distance in the plane. The worst-case ratio…

A dominating set of a graph $G$ is a set of vertices $D$ such that for all $v \in V(G)$, either $v \in D$ or $(v,d) \in E(G)$ for some $d \in D$. The cardinality redundance of a vertex set $S$, $CR(S)$, is the number of vertices in $V(G)$…