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This paper presents a decentralized controller for sharing primary AC frequency control reserves through a multi-terminal HVDC grid. By using Lyapunov arguments, the proposed controller is shown to stabilize the equilibrium of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-15 Martin Andreasson , Roger Wiget , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Karl H. Johansson , Göran Andersson

There are tradeoffs between current sharing among distributed resources and DC bus voltage stability when conventional droop control is used in DC microgrids. As current sharing approaches the setpoint, bus voltage deviation increases.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Tuyen V. Vu , Dallas Perkins , Fernand Diaz , David Gonsoulin , Chris S. Edrington , Touria El-Mezyani

Microgrids (MGs) have been equipped with large-scale distributed energy sources (DESs), and become more vulnerable due to the low inertia characteristic. In particular, high-density misbehaving DESs caused by cascading faults bring a great…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Yutong Li , Lili Wang

In this paper a novel distributed control algorithm for current sharing and voltage regulation in Direct Current (DC) microgrids is proposed. The DC microgrid is composed of several Distributed Generation units (DGUs), including Buck…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Michele Cucuzzella , Sebastian Trip , Claudio De Persis , Xiaodong Cheng , Antonella Ferrara , Arjan van der Schaft

A novel power consensus algorithm for DC microgrids is proposed and analyzed. DC microgrids are networks composed of DC sources, loads, and interconnecting lines. They are represented by differential-algebraic equations connected over an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Claudio De Persis , Erieke Weitenberg , Florian Dorfler

Renewables will soon dominate energy production in our electric power system. And yet, how to integrate renewable energy into the grid and the market is still a subject of major debate. Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) was recently…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-10-31 Benjamin Schäfer , Carsten Grabow , Sabine Auer , Jürgen Kurths , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

This article proposes a distributed secondary control scheme that drives a dc microgrid to an equilibrium point where the generators share optimal currents, and their voltages have a weighted average of nominal value. The scheme does not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-23 Babak Abdolmaleki , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz

One critical value microgrids bring to power systems is resilience, the capability of being able to island from the main grid under certain conditions and connect back when necessary. Once islanded, a microgrid must be synchronized to the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Di Shi , Xi Chen , Zhiwei Wang , Xiaohu Zhang , Zhe Yu , Xinan Wang , Desong Bian

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources into electrical grids necessitates a paradigm shift toward advanced control schemes that guarantee safe and stable operations with scalable properties. Accordingly, this paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Cornelia Skaga , Mahdieh S. Sadabadi , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz

As modern power systems continue to evolve into multi-agent, converter-dominated systems that demand reliable, stable, and optimal control architectures within an expandable framework, this paper investigates scalable stability guarantees…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Cornelia Skaga , Mahdieh S. Sadabadi , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz

An islanded inverter-based microgrid is a collection of heterogeneous DC energy resources, e.g., photovoltaic arrays, fuel cells, and energy-storage devices, interfaced to an AC distribution network and operated independently from the bulk…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-28 Taouba Jouini

We treat the emerging power systems with direct current (DC) MicroGrids, characterized with high penetration of power electronic converters. We rely on the power electronics to propose a decentralized solution for autonomous learning of and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Marko Angjelichinoski , Anna Scaglione , Petar Popovski , Cedomir Stefanovic

This paper studies stability analysis of DC microgrids with uncertain constant power loads (CPLs). It is well known that CPLs have negative impedance effects, which may cause instability in a DC microgrid. Existing works often study the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-27 Jianzhe Liu , Wei Zhang , Giorgio Rizzoni

A DC microgrid is a promising alternative to the traditional AC power grid, since it can efficiently integrate distributed and renewable energy resources. However, as an emerging framework, it lacks the rigorous theoretical guarantees of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Muratkhan Abdirash , Xiaofan Cui

Control structures have critical influences on converter-interfaced distributed generations (DG) under unbalanced conditions. Most of previous works focus on suppressing active power oscillations and ripples of DC bus voltage. In this…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Peng Jin , Yang Li , Guoqing Li , Zhe Chen , Xiaojuan Zhai

Microgrids are increasingly recognized as a key technology for the integration of distributed energy resources into the power network, allowing local clusters of load and distributed energy resources to operate autonomously. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Jeremy Watson , Yemi Ojo , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

This paper proposes a novel nonlinear decentralized voltage controller for constrained regulation of meshed AC Microgrid networks with high penetration of time-varying constant power loads. Modelling the load demand as a constantly evolving…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Grigoris Michos , George C. Konstantopoulos

DC power generation is an emerging trend and has been preferred due to its low cost and low in system power losses within local distribution grid. The theme of this paper is the indigenous design of a DC standalone micro grid which will…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-28 Javeria Noor

This paper develops a novel framework for power system stability analysis, that allows for the decentralized design of inverter based controllers. The method requires that each individual inverter satisfies a standard $H^\infty$ design…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

Considering the structure of dc Microgrids (MGs) composed of grid-forming/feeding converters, a hierarchical Plug-and-Play (PnP) voltage/current control architecture for MG clusters is proposed. In the primary level, a PnP voltage/current…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-06 Renke Han , Michele Tucci , Raffaele Soloperto , Andrea Martinelli , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate , Josep M. Guerrero