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Grammar compression represents a string as a context free grammar. Achieving compression requires encoding such grammar as a binary string; there are a few commonly used encodings. We bound the size of practically used encodings for several…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Michał Gańczorz

An LZ-like factorization of a string divides it into factors, each being either a single character or a copy of a preceding substring. While grammar-based compression schemes support efficient random access with space linear in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hiroki Shibata , Yuto Nakashima , Yutaro Yamaguchi , Shunsuke Inenaga

We study the problem of supporting queries on a string $S$ of length $n$ within a space bounded by the size $\gamma$ of a string attractor for $S$. Recent works showed that random access on $S$ can be supported in optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Nicola Prezza

We present a simple adaptation of the Lempel Ziv 78' (LZ78) compression scheme ({\em IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1978}) that supports efficient random access to the input string. Namely, given query access to the compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Akashnil Dutta , Reut Levi , Dana Ron , Ronitt Rubinfeld

The problem of determining the best achievable performance of arbitrary lossless compression algorithms is examined, when correlated side information is available at both the encoder and decoder. For arbitrary source-side information pairs,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Lampros Gavalakis , Ioannis Kontoyiannis

Maximal repetition of a string is the maximal length of a repeated substring. This paper investigates maximal repetition of strings drawn from stochastic processes. Strengthening previous results, two new bounds for the almost sure growth…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Łukasz Dębowski

We derive upper and lower bounds on the overall compression ratio of the 1978 Lempel-Ziv (LZ78) algorithm, applied independently to $k$-blocks of a finite individual sequence. Both bounds are given in terms of normalized empirical entropies…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Neri Merhav

We generalize Karp-Rabin string matching to handle multiple patterns in $\mathcal{O}(n \log n + m)$ time and $\mathcal{O}(s)$ space, where $n$ is the length of the text and $m$ is the total length of the $s$ patterns, returning correct…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Johannes Fischer , Travis Gagie , Paweł Gawrychowski , Tomasz Kociumaka

Dynamic dictionary-based compression schemes are the most daily used data compression schemes since they appeared in the foundational papers of Ziv and Lempel in 1977, commonly referred to as LZ77. Their work is the base of Deflate, gZip,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-26 Maxime Crochemore , Alessio Langiu , Filippo Mignosi

Compression refers to encoding data using bits, so that the representation uses as few bits as possible. Compression could be lossless: i.e. encoded data can be recovered exactly from its representation) or lossy where the data is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Narayana Santhanam , Dharmendra Modha

We present an algorithm that constructs the LZ-End parsing (a variation of LZ77) of a given string of length $n$ in $O(n\log\ell)$ expected time and $O(z + \ell)$ space, where $z$ is the number of phrases in the parsing and $\ell$ is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Dominik Kempa , Dmitry Kosolobov

The complexity of computing the Lempel-Ziv factorization and the set of all runs (= maximal repetitions) is studied in the decision tree model of computation over ordered alphabet. It is known that both these problems can be solved by RAM…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-22 Dmitry Kosolobov

Grammar compression is a general compression framework in which a string $T$ of length $N$ is represented as a context-free grammar of size $n$ whose language contains only $T$. In this paper, we focus on studying the limitations of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Rajat De , Dominik Kempa

Given a string $S$, the \emph{compressed indexing problem} is to preprocess $S$ into a compressed representation that supports fast \emph{substring queries}. The goal is to use little space relative to the compressed size of $S$ while…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-10 Philip Bille , Mikko Berggren Ettienne , Inge Li Gørtz , Hjalte Wedel Vildhøj

We describe the first self-indexes able to count and locate pattern occurrences in optimal time within a space bounded by the size of the most popular dictionary compressors. To achieve this result we combine several recent findings,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Anders Roy Christiansen , Mikko Berggren Ettienne , Tomasz Kociumaka , Gonzalo Navarro , Nicola Prezza

Various grammar compression algorithms have been proposed in the last decade. A grammar compression is a restricted CFG deriving the string deterministically. An efficient grammar compression develops a smaller CFG by finding duplicated…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Shouhei Fukunaga , Yoshimasa Takabatake , I Tomohiro , Hiroshi Sakamoto

Relative Lempel-Ziv (RLZ) parsing is a dictionary compression method in which a string $S$ is compressed relative to a second string $R$ (called the reference) by parsing $S$ into a sequence of substrings that occur in $R$. RLZ is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Simon J. Puglisi , Simon R. Tarnow

Shannon entropy is the shortest average codeword length a lossless compressor can achieve by encoding i.i.d. symbols. However, there are cases in which the objective is to minimize the \textit{exponential} average codeword length, i.e. when…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Andrea Somazzi , Paolo Ferragina , Diego Garlaschelli

Lempel-Ziv is an easy-to-compute member of a wide family of so-called macro schemes; it restricts pointers to go in one direction only. Optimal bidirectional macro schemes are NP-complete to find, but they may provide much better…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Luís M. S. Russo , Ana D. Correia , Gonzalo Navarro , Alexandre P. Francisco

We present a development of parts of rate-distortion theory and pattern- matching algorithms for lossy data compression, centered around a lossy version of the Asymptotic Equipartition Property (AEP). This treatment closely parallels the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-07-16 A. Dembo , I. Kontoyiannis