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As an indispensable component, Batch Normalization (BN) has successfully improved the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) with mini-batches, by normalizing the distribution of the internal representation for each hidden layer. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Guangrun Wang , Jiefeng Peng , Ping Luo , Xinjiang Wang , Liang Lin

While the authors of Batch Normalization (BN) identify and address an important problem involved in training deep networks-- Internal Covariate Shift-- the current solution has certain drawbacks. Specifically, BN depends on batch statistics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-13 Devansh Arpit , Yingbo Zhou , Bhargava U. Kota , Venu Govindaraju

Existing continual learning methods use Batch Normalization (BN) to facilitate training and improve generalization across tasks. However, the non-i.i.d and non-stationary nature of continual learning data, especially in the online setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Quang Pham , Chenghao Liu , Steven Hoi

2D biomedical semantic segmentation is important for robotic vision in surgery. Segmentation methods based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) can out-perform conventional methods in terms of both accuracy and levels of automation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Xiao-Yun Zhou , Guang-Zhong Yang

Batch Normalization (BN) has proven to be an effective algorithm for deep neural network training by normalizing the input to each neuron and reducing the internal covariate shift. The space of weight vectors in the BN layer can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Minhyung Cho , Jaehyung Lee

Batch Normalization (BN) is a core and prevalent technique in accelerating the training of deep neural networks and improving the generalization on Computer Vision (CV) tasks. However, it fails to defend its position in Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jiaxi Wang , Ji Wu , Lei Huang

Training Deep Neural Networks is complicated by the fact that the distribution of each layer's inputs changes during training, as the parameters of the previous layers change. This slows down the training by requiring lower learning rates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Sergey Ioffe , Christian Szegedy

Extensive researches have applied deep neural networks (DNNs) in class incremental learning (Class-IL). As building blocks of DNNs, batch normalization (BN) standardizes intermediate feature maps and has been widely validated to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Minghao Zhou , Quanziang Wang , Jun Shu , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng

Batch Normalization (BN) is a commonly used technique to accelerate and stabilize training of deep neural networks. Despite its empirical success, a full theoretical understanding of BN is yet to be developed. In this work, we analyze BN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Tolga Ergen , Arda Sahiner , Batu Ozturkler , John Pauly , Morteza Mardani , Mert Pilanci

Batch normalization (BN) is comprised of a normalization component followed by an affine transformation and has become essential for training deep neural networks. Standard initialization of each BN in a network sets the affine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Jim Davis , Logan Frank

Batch Normalization (BN) has become a cornerstone of deep learning across diverse architectures, appearing to help optimization as well as generalization. While the idea makes intuitive sense, theoretical analysis of its effectiveness has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Sanjeev Arora , Zhiyuan Li , Kaifeng Lyu

Batch normalization is widely used in deep learning to normalize intermediate activations. Deep networks suffer from notoriously increased training complexity, mandating careful initialization of weights, requiring lower learning rates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-19 Lakshmi Annamalai , Chetan Singh Thakur

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are powerful models for sequential data that have the potential to learn long-term dependencies. However, they are computationally expensive to train and difficult to parallelize. Recent work has shown that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-07 César Laurent , Gabriel Pereyra , Philémon Brakel , Ying Zhang , Yoshua Bengio

Training neural networks is an optimization problem, and finding a decent set of parameters through gradient descent can be a difficult task. A host of techniques has been developed to aid this process before and during the training phase.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Divya Gaur , Joachim Folz , Andreas Dengel

Batch Normalization's (BN) unique property of depending on other samples in a batch is known to cause problems in several tasks, including sequence modeling. Yet, BN-related issues are hardly studied for long video understanding, despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Dominik Rivoir , Isabel Funke , Stefanie Speidel

A well-known issue of Batch Normalization is its significantly reduced effectiveness in the case of small mini-batch sizes. When a mini-batch contains few examples, the statistics upon which the normalization is defined cannot be reliably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Zhuliang Yao , Yue Cao , Shuxin Zheng , Gao Huang , Stephen Lin

Batch normalization (BN) is a ubiquitous technique for training deep neural networks that accelerates their convergence to reach higher accuracy. However, we demonstrate that BN comes with a fundamental drawback: it incentivizes the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Ali Gholami , Fereshte Khani , Kristy Choi , Linh Tran , Ran Zhang , Aliasghar Khani

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a widely adopted technique that enables faster and more stable training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its pervasiveness, the exact reasons for BatchNorm's effectiveness are still poorly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-16 Shibani Santurkar , Dimitris Tsipras , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

Normalization methods are a central building block in the deep learning toolbox. They accelerate and stabilize training, while decreasing the dependence on manually tuned learning rate schedules. When learning from multi-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Lucas Deecke , Iain Murray , Hakan Bilen

Regularization is a set of techniques that are used to improve the generalization ability of deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce spectral batch normalization (SBN), a novel effective method to improve generalization by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Rinor Cakaj , Jens Mehnert , Bin Yang