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Pretext Invariant Representation Learning (PIRL) followed by Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) has become a standard paradigm for learning with limited labels. We extend this approach to the Positive Unlabeled (PU) setting, where only a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Anish Acharya , Li Jing , Bhargav Bhushanam , Dhruv Choudhary , Michael Rabbat , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit S Dhillon

In many scenarios of binary classification, only positive instances are provided in the training data, leaving the rest of the data unlabeled. This setup, known as positive-unlabeled (PU) learning, is addressed here with a network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Dorit Hochbaum , Torpong Nitayanont

In recent years, an abundance of new molecular structures have been elucidated using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), largely due to advances in hardware technology and data processing techniques. Owing to these new exciting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Tamir Bendory , Alberto Bartesaghi , Amit Singer

Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning is a weakly supervised binary classification problem, in which the goal is to learn a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled data, without access to negative data. In recent years, many PU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Wei Wang , Dong-Dong Wu , Ming Li , Jingxiong Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Positive Unlabeled (PU) learning is widely used in many applications, where a binary classifier is trained on the datasets consisting of only positive and unlabeled samples. In this paper, we improve PU learning over state-of-the-art from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Liwei Jiang , Dan Li , Qisheng Wang , Shuai Wang , Songtao Wang

Recent advances in weakly supervised classification allow us to train a classifier only from positive and unlabeled (PU) data. However, existing PU classification methods typically require an accurate estimate of the class-prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Tomoya Sakai , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Cryo-electron microscopy is a revolutionary technique that can provide 3D density maps at near-atomic resolution. However, map validation is still an open issue in the field. Despite several efforts from the community, it is possible to…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Sebastian Ortiz , Luka Stanisic , Boris A Rodriguez , Markus Rampp , Gerhard Hummer , Pilar Cossio

Node classification on graphs is an important research problem with many applications. Real-world graph data sets may not be balanced and accurate as assumed by most existing works. A challenging setting is positive-unlabeled (PU) node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Hansi Yang , Yongqi Zhang , Quanming Yao , James Kwok

Protein identification and profiling is critical for the advancement of cell and molecular biology as well as medical diagnostics. Although mass spectrometry and protein microarrays are commonly used for protein identification, both methods…

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently become a premier method for obtaining high-resolution structures of biological macromolecules. However, it is limited to biomolecular samples with low conformational heterogeneity, where all…

We propose a meta-learning method for positive and unlabeled (PU) classification, which improves the performance of binary classifiers obtained from only PU data in unseen target tasks. PU learning is an important problem since PU data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Atsutoshi Kumagai , Tomoharu Iwata , Yasuhiro Fujiwara

In this work, we significantly enhance masked particle modeling (MPM), a self-supervised learning scheme for constructing highly expressive representations of unordered sets relevant to developing foundation models for high-energy physics.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-02 Matthew Leigh , Samuel Klein , François Charton , Tobias Golling , Lukas Heinrich , Michael Kagan , Inês Ochoa , Margarita Osadchy

Many imaging modalities involve reconstruction of unknown objects from collections of noisy projections related by random rotations. In one of these modalities, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), the extremely low signal-to-noise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Joakim Andén , Justus Sagemüller

Cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) is a powerful tool in structural biology for 3D visualization of cells and biological systems at resolutions sufficient to identify individual proteins in situ. The measurements are collected by tilting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Vinith Kishore , Valentin Debarnot , AmirEhsan Khorashadizadeh , Ivan Dokmanić

Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning aims to train a classifier using the data containing only labeled-positive instances and unlabeled instances. However, existing PU learning methods are generally hard to achieve satisfactory performance on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-03 Xiaoke Wang , Xiaochen Yang , Rui Zhu , Jing-Hao Xue

Cryo-electron tomography enables 3D visualization of cells in a near native state at molecular resolution. The produced cellular tomograms contain detailed information about all macromolecular complexes, their structures, their abundances…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-30 Min Xu , Elitza I Tocheva , Yi-Wei Chang , Grant J Jensen , Frank Alber

Determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins and protein complexes at atomic resolution is a fundamental task in structural biology. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made using "single particle" cryo-electron…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-05 Alex Barnett , Leslie Greengard , Andras Pataki , Marina Spivak

Cellular Electron Cryotomography (CryoET) offers the ability to look inside cells and observe macromolecules frozen in action. A primary challenge for this technique is identifying and extracting the molecular components within the crowded…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-04 Muyuan Chen , Wei Dai , Ying Sun , Darius Jonasch , Cynthia Y He , Michael F. Schmid , Wah Chiu , Steven J Ludtke

The process of particle picking, a crucial step in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) image analysis, often encounters challenges due to outliers, leading to inaccuracies in downstream processing. In response to this challenge, this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Lev Kapnulin , Ayelet Heimowitz , Nir Sharon

This paper investigates the problem of image classification with limited or no annotations, but abundant unlabeled data. The setting exists in many tasks such as semi-supervised image classification, image clustering, and image retrieval.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Dengxin Dai , Luc Van Gool