Related papers: Thermodynamic limit in high-multiplicity $pp$ coll…
We present a determination of chemical freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions based on ratios of cumulants of net electric charge fluctuations. These ratios can reliably be calculated in lattice QCD for a wide range of chemical…
The Planckian relaxation rate $\hbar/t_\mathrm{P} = 2\pi k_\mathrm{B} T$ sets a characteristic time scale for both equilibration of quantum critical systems and maximal quantum chaos. In this note, we show that at the critical coupling…
We use a boost-invariant one-dimensional (cylindrically symmetric) fluid dynamics code to calculate thermal photon production in the central rapidity region of S+Au and Pb+Pb collisions at SPS energy ($\sqrt{s}=20$ GeV/nucleon). We assume…
The status of thermal model descriptions of particle production in heavy ion collisions is presented. We discuss the formulation of statistical models with different implementation of the conservation laws and indicate their applicability…
We examined the transverse momentum spectra of various identified particles, across different multiplicity classes in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV. Utilizing the Tsallis and Hagedorn models,…
Global variables, such as the charged particle multiplicity and the transverse energy are important observables to characterize Relativistic Heavy Ion collisions and to constrain model calculations. The charged particle multiplicity…
To study the energy-dependent characteristics of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters, based on the framework of a multi-source thermal model, we analyze the soft transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra of the charged particles…
According to self-similarity hypothesis, the thermodynamic limit could be defined from the scaling laws for the system self-similarity by using the microcanonical ensemble. This analysis for selfgravitating systems yields the following…
A simple assumption of an emergence in gas of small atomic clusters consisting of $c$ particles each, leads to a phase separation (first order transition). It reveals itself by an emergence of ``forbidden'' density range starting at a…
The extreme conditions of temperature and density produced in ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy nuclei facilitate the formation of the most fundamental fluid in the universe, the deconfined phase of Quantum Chromodynamics called…
We fit finite-temperature path integral Monte Carlo calculations of the exchange-correlation energy of the 3D finite-temperature homogeneous electron gas in the warm-dense regime (r_{s} = (3/4\pi n)^{1/3} a_{B}^{-1} < 40 and \Theta =…
The definition of the fundamental quantity, the chemical potential, is badly confused in the literature: there are at least three distinct definitions in various books and papers. While they all give the same result in the thermodynamic…
The first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV is presented. For an event sample corresponding to the most…
A steep maximum occurs in the Wroblewski ratio between strange and non-strange quarks created in central nucleus-nucleus collisions, of about A=200, at the lower SPS energy $\sqrt{s} \approx$ 7 GeV. By analyzing hadronic multiplicities…
The hadron production in heavy ion collision is treated in the framework of thermodynamic vision. Thermodynamic system formed during central collision of Pb-Pb at high energies is considered, through which binary collision is assumed among…
It has been theoretically shown that in large-density semiconductor plasma there exist an energy level of a bound electron-hole pair (a composite boson) at the band gap. Filling this level up occurs through the condensation of electron-hole…
The charged-particle transverse momentum spectra ($p_{\rm T}$-spectra) measured by the ALICE collaboration for $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt {s} =$ 7 and 13 TeV have been studied using a thermodynamically consistent form of Tsallis…
This article presents the measurement of charged-particle pseudorapidity ($\eta$) density, $\mathrm{d}N_{\rm ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$, in proton$-$proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV, and in lead$-$lead…
We examine the thermodynamic limit of fluids of hard core particles that are polydisperse in size and shape. In addition, particles may interact magnetically. Free energy of such systems is a random variable because it depends on the choice…
Molecular dynamic simulations for systems with $D=2,3$ Lennard-Jones-like interactions are studied. In the model, we assume that, at long distances, the two-body attractive potential decays as $r^{-\alpha}$. Thermodynamic extensivity…