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How much time does a wave packet spent in tunneling a barrier? Quantum mechanical calculations result in zero time inside a barrier. In the nineties analogous tunneling experiments with microwaves were carried out confirming quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-17 Guenter Nimtz

Tunneling is one of the most bizarre phenomena in quantum mechanics. An attempt to understand it led to the next natural question of how long does a particle need to tunnel a barrier. The latter gave rise to several definitions such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 N. G. Kelkar

We propose a new technique to fully characterize the temporal structure of extreme ultraviolet pulses by ionizing a bound coherent electronic wavepacket. The populated energy levels make it possible to interfere different spectral…

Optics · Physics 2016-07-19 Stefan Pabst , Jan Marcus Dahlström

A technique for measuring photoionization time delays with attosecond precision is combined with calculations of photoionization matrix elements to demonstrate how multi-electron dynamics affect photoionization time delays in carbon…

We study the time required for a wave packet to tunnel beyond a square barrier, or to be reflected, by envisaging a physical clock which ticks only when the particle is within the barrier region. The clock consists in a magnetic moment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Andrea Begliuomini , Luciano Bracci

Recent advances in electron microscopy trigger the question whether attosecond electron diffraction can resolve atomic-scale electron dynamics in crystalline materials in space and time. Here we explore the physics of the relevant…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Yuya Morimoto , Peter Baum

Ji \etal [New J. Phys. {\bf 26}, 093014 (2024)] established a direct link between the photoionization cross section and the attosecond time delay near Cooper minima (CM) in the valence shells of noble-gas atoms. This link is based on the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Adam J. C. Singor , Dmitry V. Fursa , Igor Bray , Anatoli S. Kheifets

Recent attoclock experiments using the attsecond angular streaking technique enabled the measurement of the tunneling time delay during laser induced strong field ionization. Theoretically the tunneling time delay is commonly modelled by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Enderalp Yakaboylu , Michael Klaiber , Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan

We are in the process of building an experiment to study the tunneling of laser-cooled Rubidium atoms through an optical barrier. A particularly thorny set of questions arises when one considers the possibility of observing a tunneling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. M. Steinberg

Determination and interpretation of Wigner-like photoionisation delays is one of the most active fields of attosecond science. Previous results have suggested that large photoionisation delays are associated with structured continua, but a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Jia-Bao Ji , Anatoli S. Kheifets , Meng Han , Kiyoshi Ueda , Hans Jakob Wörner

Numerical attoclock is a theoretical model of attosecond angular streaking driven by a very short, nearly a single oscillation, circularly polarized laser pulse. The reading of such an attoclock is readily obtained from a numerical solution…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Vladislav V. Serov , Alexander W. Bray , Anatoli S. Kheifets

The photoelectric effect is not truly instantaneous, but exhibits attosecond delays that can reveal complex molecular dynamics. Sub-femtosecond duration light pulses provide the requisite tools to resolve the dynamics of photoionization.…

Focused laser fields with textured polarization on a sub-wavelength scale allow extracting information on electronic processes which are not directly accessible by homogeneous fields. Here, we consider photoionization in radially and…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 Jonas Wätzel , Jamal Berakdar

Canonical semiclassical methods can be used to develop an intuitive definition of tunneling time through potential barriers. An application to atomic ionization is given here, considering both static and time-dependent electric fields. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Bekir Baytas , Martin Bojowald , Sean Crowe

Upon absorbing a photon, the ionized electron sails through the target force field in attoseconds to reach free space. This navigation probes details of the potential landscape that get imprinted into the phase of the ionization amplitude.…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Sajad Azizi , Mohamed El-Amine Madjet , Zheng Li , Jan M. Rost , Himadri S. Chakraborty

Electrons in atoms and molecules move on attosecond time scales. Deciphering their quantum dynamics in space and time calls for high-resolution microscopy at this speed. While scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) driven with terahertz…

Photon exchange due to nuclear bremsstrahlung during nuclear collisions can cause Coulomb excitation in the projectile and the target nuclei. The corresponding process originated in nuclear timescales can also be observed in atomic…

Modeling the timing performance of light-based radiation detectors accurately is essential for optimizing time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). We present an analytic framework that combines existing models to predict the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-08 Nicolaus Kratochwil , Emilie Roncali , Gerard Arino-Estrada

Attosecond ionization time-delays at photoelectron energies above typically 10 eV are usually interpreted using the so called asymptotic approximation as a sum of the atomic or molecular delays with a universal laser-induced contribution.…

Quantum time dilation occurs when a clock moves in a superposition of relativistic momentum wave packets. We utilize the lifetime of an excited hydrogen-like atom as a clock to demonstrate how quantum time dilation manifests in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Piotr T. Grochowski , Alexander R. H. Smith , Andrzej Dragan , Kacper Dębski