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We study the temporal aspects of laser-assisted extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photoionization using attosecond pulses of harmonic radiation. The aim of this paper is to establish the general form of the phase of the relevant transition…
The electron dynamics in the classically forbidden region during relativistic tunnel-ionization is investigated. The classical forbidden region in the relativistic regime is identified by defining a gauge invariant total energy operator.…
Tunneling, transport of particles through classically forbidden regions, is a pure quantum phenomenon. It governs numerous phenomena ranging from single-molecule electronics to donor-acceptor transition reactions. The main problem is the…
The measurement of the tunneling time (T-time) in today's attosecond and strong field (low-frequency) experiments, despite its controversial discussion, offers a fruitful opportunity to understand time measurement and the time in quantum…
We report on the measurement of the time required for a wave packet to tunnel through the potential barriers of an optical lattice. The experiment is carried out by loading adiabatically a Bose-Einstein condensate into a 1D optical lattice.…
Shape resonances in photoionization of atoms and molecules arise from a particular geometry of the ionic potential which traps the receding photoelectron in a quasi-bound state in a particular partial wave. This mechanism allows us to…
What time does a clock tell after quantum tunneling? Predictions and indirect measurements range from superluminal or instantaneous tunneling to finite durations, depending on the specific experiment and the precise definition of the…
Attosecond photoemission or photoionization delays are a unique probe of the structure and the electronic dynamics of matter. However, spectral congestion and spatial delocalization of valence electron wave functions set fundamental limits…
In the B\"uttiker-Landauer perturbation approach to electron tunnelling, through a time-modulated rectilinear potential barrier, the Tien-Gordon identity was invoked, together with its infinite energy spectrum. Here, an exact treatment is…
Tunneling times in atomic ionization are studied theoretically by a virtual detector approach. A virtual detector is a hypothetical device that allows one to monitor the wave function's density with spatial and temporal resolution during…
Quantum tunnelling of electrons can be confined to the sub-cycle time scale of strong light fields, contributing decisively to the extreme time resolution of attosecond science. Because tunnelling also enables atomic-scale spatial…
We develop a new variant of the wave-packet analysis and solve the tunneling time problem for one particle. Our approach suggests an individual asymptotic description of the quantum subensembles of transmitted and reflected particles both…
We investigate theoretically the relative time delay of photoelectrons originating from different atomic subshells of noble gases. This quantity was measured via attosecond streaking and studied theoretically by Schultze et al. [Science…
Attosecond measurements reveal new physical insights in photo ionization dynamics from atoms, molecules and condensed matter. However, on such time scales even small timing jitter can significantly reduce the time resolution in pump-probe…
Shape resonances in physics and chemistry arise from the spatial confinement of a particle by a potential barrier. In molecular photoionization, these barriers prevent the electron from escaping instantaneously, so that nuclei may move and…
A unified approach to the time analysis of tunnelling of nonrelativistic particles is presented, in which Time is regarded as a quantum-mechanical observable, canonically conjugated to Energy. The validity of the Hartman effect…
We consider the time delay of electron detachment from a Coulomb center and two-center systems in the process of ionization. It is shown that the attosecond streaking, most usual method of time delay measure, can be formally described by…
Experiments have shown that individual photons penetrate an optical tunnel barrier with an effective group velocity considerably greater than the vacuum speed of light. The experiments were conducted with a two-photon parametric…
We theoretically study time-resolved photoemission in atoms as probed by attosecond streaking. We review recent advances in the study of the photoelectric effect in the time domain and show that the experimentally accessible time shifts can…
Tunneling ionization is characterized by a negative time delay, observed asymptotically as a specific shift of the photoelectron momentum distribution, which is caused by the interference of the sub-barrier recolliding and direct ionization…