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We have theoretically and experimentally studied the dispersive signal of the Rydberg atomic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) - Autler-Townes (AT) splitting spectra obtained using amplitude modulation of the microwave (MW)…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Jianhai Hao , Fengdong Jia , Yue Cui , Yuhan Wang , Fei Zhou , Xiubin Liu , Jian Zhang , Feng Xie , Zhiping Zhong

Rydberg Atomic REceiver (RARE) is driving a paradigm shift in electromagnetic (EM) wave measurement by harnessing the electron transition phenomenon of Rydberg atoms. Operating at the quantum scale, such receivers have the potential to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Kaibin Huang

Helium atoms in the 1s50s $^3$S$_1$ Rydberg level have been resonantly coupled to the $2\pi\times11.721$ GHz second harmonic mode of a chip-based superconducting coplanar waveguide microwave resonator. To achieve this, the single-photon…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 L. L. Brown , I. K. Bhangoo , S. D. Hogan

Recently, we introduced a Rydberg-atom based mixer capable of detecting and measuring the phase of a radio-frequency field through the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) effect. The ability to measure…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-09-10 Christopher L. Holloway , Matthew T. Simons , Joshua A. Gordon , David Novotny

We study Rydberg atoms modulated by strong radio-frequency (RF) fields with a frequency of 70 MHz. The Rydberg atoms are prepared in a room temperature cesium cell, and their level structure is probed using electromagnetically induced…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Yuechun Jiao , Zhiwei Yang , Jingkui Li , Georg Raithel , Jianming Zhao , Suotang Jia

Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electromagnetic field sensors are drawing wide-spread interest because of their unique properties, such as small size, dielectric construction, and self-calibration. These photonic sensors use lasers to…

Rydberg microwave (MW) sensors are superior to conventional antenna-based techniques because of their wide operating frequency range and outstanding potential sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate a Rydberg microwave receiver with a high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Bowen Yang , Yuhan Yan , Xuejie Li , Ling Xiao , Xiaolin Li , L. Q. Chen , Jianliao Deng , Huadong Cheng

Recently, the rapid progress of quantum sensing research reveals that the Rydberg atoms have great potentials in becoming high-precision centimeter-scale antenna of low-frequency fields. In order to facilitate efficient and reliable…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Shenchao Jin , Xiayang Fan , Xin Wang , Yi Song , Yuan Sun

Rydberg atoms, which possess exceptionally large electric dipole moments, offer a promising route for electric field sensing as well as metrology traceable to the International System of Units (SI); however, current research predominantly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Tianyu Zhou , Haipeng Xie , Xin Wang

Rydberg atoms have large transition electric dipole moments and high sensitivity to electric fields. We describe a new method for microwave field sensing in a vapor cell consisting of separate excitation, quantum evolution between two…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-06-10 Michael V. Romalis , Joe Wiedemann , Shaobo Zhang , Nezih Dural

Mode competition in nonequilibrium Rydberg gases enables the exploration of emergent many-body phases. This work leverages this emergent phase for electric field detection at room temperature. Sensitive frequency-resolved electric field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Darmindra Arumugam

In this article we describe the basic principles of Rydberg atom-based RF sensing and present the development of atomic pulsed RF detection and RF phase sensing establishing capabilities pertinent to applications in communications and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-12 David Alexander Anderson , Rachel Elizabeth Sapiro , Georg Raithel

The RYDberg Atomic Receiver (RYDAR) has been demonstrated to surmount the limitation on both the sensitivity and operating bandwidth of the classical electronic counterpart, which can theoretically detect indiscernible electric signals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Minze Chen , Tianqi Mao , Yang Zhao , Wei Xiao , Dezhi Zheng , Zhaocheng Wang , Jun Zhang , Sheng Chen

Radio reception relies on antennas for the collection of electromagnetic fields carrying information, and receiver elements for demodulation and retrieval of the transmitted information. Here we demonstrate an atom-based receiver for AM and…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-08-12 David A. Anderson , Rachel E. Sapiro , Georg Raithel

Rydberg atom-based sensors use atoms dressed by lasers to detect and measure radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The absorptive properties of the atomic gas, configured as a Rydberg atom-based sensor, change in the presence of a radio…

In this study, we investigated Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry using polarization spectroscopy in a room-temperature vapor cell. By measuring Autler-Townes splitting in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum,…

Microwave electric (MW) field measurements utilizing Rydberg atoms have witnessed significant advancements, achieving remarkable sensitivity, albeit limited to discrete MW frequencies resonant with Rydberg states. Recently, various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Sheng-Xian Xiao , Tao Wang

We present enhanced sensing of radio frequency (RF) electric fields (E-fields) by the combined polarizability of Rydberg atoms and the optimized local oscillator (LO) fields of supergheterodyne receiving. Our modified theoretical model…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Wenguang Yang , Minyong Jing , Hao Zhang , Linjie Zhang , Liantuan Xiao , Suotang Jia

Radio frequency antennas based on highly excited Rydberg atom vapors can in principle reach sensitivities beyond those of any conventional wire antenna, especially at lower frequencies where very long wires are needed to accommodate the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Peter B. Weichman

Rydberg states of alkali atoms, where the outer valence electron is excited to high principal quantum numbers, have large electric dipole moments allowing them to be used as sensitive, wideband, electric field sensors. These sensors use…