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In this paper, a division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (DOAP) for measuring the polarization state of free-electron laser (FEL) pulse is described. The incident FEL beam is divided into four separate beams, and four Stokes parameters can…

We review the tools and procedures for the analysis of the data collected by X-ray photoelectric gas polarimeters, like the ones on-board the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Although many of such tools are in principle common…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 Fabio Muleri

The evolution of computer-generated holography (CGH) algorithms has prompted significant improvements in the performances of holographic displays. Nonetheless, they start to encounter a limited degree of freedom in CGH optimization and…

Optics · Physics 2023-09-27 Seung-Woo Nam , Youngjin Kim , Dongyeon Kim , Yoonchan Jeong

Optical metasurfaces composed of precisely engineered nanostructures have gained significant attention for their ability to manipulate light and implement distinct functionalities based on the properties of the incident field. Computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dean Hazineh , Soon Wei Daniel Lim , Qi Guo , Federico Capasso , Todd Zickler

Polarisation Filter Array (PFA) cameras allow the analysis of light polarisation state in a simple and cost-effective manner. Such filter arrays work as the Bayer pattern for colour cameras, sharing similar advantages and drawbacks. Among…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Mara Pistellato , Filippo Bergamasco , Tehreem Fatima , Andrea Torsello

Optical metasurfaces have been recently explored as ultrathin analog image differentiators. By tailoring the momentum transfer function, they can perform efficient Fourier-filtering - and thus potentially any linear mathematical operation -…

Spectro-polarimetric imaging provides multidimensional optical information acquisition capabilities, offering significant potential for diverse applications. Current spectro-polarimetric imaging systems typically suffer from large physical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 Jingyue Ma , Zhenming Yu , Zhengyang Li , Liang Lin , Liming Cheng , Jiayu Di , Tongshuo Zhang , Ning Zhan , Kun Xu

Optical fields polarized along three dimensions are frequent in optical microscopy and nanophotonics, and yet retrieving their polarization distribution is challenging. We present the experimental implementation of three-dimensional (3D)…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-17 Isael Herrera , Miguel A. Alonso , Sophie Brasselet

In undergraduate optics courses, diffraction gratings are studied extensively, generally within the scalar approximation. When the vector nature of light is taken into account, so-called polarization diffraction gratings have been proposed,…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-13 Massimo Santarsiero , J. C. G. de Sande , Gemma Piquero

The non-separability between the spatial and polarisation Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) of complex vector light fields has drawn significant attention in recent time. Key to this are its remarkable similarities with quantum entanglement, with…

Metasurfaces are planar structures that locally modify the polarization, phase, and amplitude of light in reflection or transmission, thus enabling lithographically patterned flat optical components with functionalities controlled by…

Optics · Physics 2015-09-08 Amir Arbabi , Yu Horie , Mahmood Bagheri , Andrei Faraon

Manipulating the polarization of light is highly desired for versatile applications ranging from super resolution, optical trapping, to particle acceleration. The enormous freedom in metasurface design motivates the implementation of…

Nonlinear optical phenomena are generally governed by geometry in matter systems, as they depend on the spatial arrangement of atoms within materials or molecules. Metasurfaces, through precisely designed geometries on a subwavelength…

Polarization scramblers are essential for many imaging applications involving polarization sensitive instruments and partially polarized fluxes. In such cases, the light must be depolarized to allow properly calibrated measurements. Several…

Polarization information of the light can provide rich cues for computer vision and scene understanding tasks, such as the type of material, pose, and shape of the objects. With the advent of new and cheap polarimetric sensors, this imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Joaquin Rodriguez , Lew-Fock-Chong Lew-Yan-Voon , Renato Martins , Olivier Morel

The polarization state of the optical electromagnetic field lying several nanometers above complex dielectric structures reveals the intricate light-matter interaction that occurs in this near-field zone. This information can only be…

Polarization imaging captures the polarization state of light, revealing information invisible to the human eye yet valuable in domains such as biomedical diagnostics, autonomous driving, and remote sensing. However, conventional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Noa Kraicer , Erez Yosef , Raja Giryes

Computer vision is increasingly used in areas such as unmanned vehicles, surveillance systems and remote sensing. However, in foggy scenarios, image degradation leads to loss of target details, which seriously affects the accuracy and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Zhenjun Zhang , Lijun Tang , Hongjin Wang , Lilian Zhang , Yunze He , Yaonan Wang

Conventional polarizers and polarization beam splitters have a fundamental limit of 50\% efficiency when converting unpolarized light into one specific polarization. Here, we overcome this restriction and achieve near-complete conversion of…

A polarization camera can capture four linear polarized images with different polarizer angles in a single shot, which is useful in polarization-based vision applications since the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and the angle of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chu Zhou , Minggui Teng , Xinyu Zhou , Chao Xu , Imari Sato , Boxin Shi