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Since its introduction, the partial information decomposition (PID) has emerged as a powerful, information-theoretic technique useful for studying the structure of (potentially higher-order) interactions in complex systems. Despite its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Thomas F. Varley

Partial Information Decomposition (PID) represents multivariate mutual information via antichain-lattice that aims to specify which source groups can recover which informational components of a target. For three or more sources, widely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Aobo Lyu , Andrew Clark , Netanel Raviv

In a system of three stochastic variables, the Partial Information Decomposition (PID) of Williams and Beer dissects the information that two variables (sources) carry about a third variable (target) into nonnegative information atoms that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Giuseppe Pica , Eugenio Piasini , Daniel Chicharro , Stefano Panzeri

Causality is a central topic in scientific inquiry, yet for complex systems, the identification and analysis of synergistic causation remain a challenging and fundamental problem. In the context of causal relations among multivariate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Mingzhe Yang , Shuo Wang , Jiang Zhang

We consider the "partial information decomposition" (PID) problem, which aims to decompose the information that a set of source random variables provide about a target random variable into separate redundant, synergistic, union, and unique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky

A central challenge in analyzing multivariate interactions within complex systems is to decompose how multiple inputs jointly determine an output. Existing approaches generally operate on observed probability distributions and can conflate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Clifford Bohm , Vincent R. Ragusa , Arend Hintze , Charles Ofria , Emily Dolson , Christoph Adami

Partial information decompositions (PIDs), which quantify information interactions between three or more variables in terms of uniqueness, redundancy and synergy, are gaining traction in many application domains. However, our understanding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Praveen Venkatesh , Keerthana Gurushankar , Gabriel Schamberg

The Partial Information Decomposition (PID) takes one step beyond Shannon's theory in decomposing the information two variables $A,B$ possess about a third variable $T$ into distinct parts: unique, shared (or redundant) and synergistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 S. J. van Enk

Partial Information Decomposition (PID) seeks to disentangle how information about a target variable is distributed across multiple sources, separating redundant, unique, and synergistic contributions. Despite extensive theoretical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Philip Hendrik Matthias , Abdullah Makkeh , Michael Wibral , Aaron J. Gutknecht

Learning invariant graph representations for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains challenging because the learned representations often retain spurious components. To address this challenge, this work introduces a new tool from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Barproda Halder , Pasan Dissanayake , Sanghamitra Dutta

Partial information decomposition (PID) seeks to decompose the multivariate mutual information that a set of source variables contains about a target variable into basic pieces, the so called "atoms of information". Each atom describes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Aaron J. Gutknecht , Michael Wibral , Abdullah Makkeh

The partial information decomposition (PID) framework is concerned with decomposing the information that a set of random variables has with respect to a target variable into three types of components: redundant, synergistic, and unique.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 André F. C. Gomes , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

The partial information decomposition (PID) framework is concerned with decomposing the information that a set of (two or more) random variables (the sources) has about another variable (the target) into three types of information: unique,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 André F. C. Gomes , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

To characterize the complex higher-order interactions among variables within a system, this study introduces a novel framework, termed System Information Decomposition (SID), aimed at decomposing the information entropy of variables into…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Aobo Lyu , Bing Yuan , Ou Deng , Mingzhe Yang , Jiang Zhang

The maximal information coefficient (MIC), which measures the amount of dependence between two variables, is able to detect both linear and non-linear associations. However, computational cost grows rapidly as a function of the dataset…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-18 Ali Mousavi , Richard G. Baraniuk

We propose a Bayesian approximate inference method for learning the dependence structure of a Gaussian graphical model. Using pseudo-likelihood, we derive an analytical expression to approximate the marginal likelihood for an arbitrary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-13 Janne Leppä-aho , Johan Pensar , Teemu Roos , Jukka Corander

The problem of how to properly quantify redundant information is an open question that has been the subject of much recent research. Redundant information refers to information about a target variable S that is common to two or more…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Robin A. A. Ince

Selecting a minimal feature set that is maximally informative about a target variable is a central task in machine learning and statistics. Information theory provides a powerful framework for formulating feature selection algorithms --…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Patricia Wollstadt , Sebastian Schmitt , Michael Wibral

Notwithstanding various attempts to construct a Partial Information Decomposition (PID) for multiple variables by defining synergistic, redundant, and unique information, there is no consensus on how one ought to precisely define either of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-06-07 Steven J. van Enk

We propose two new measures for extracting the unique information in $X$ and not $Y$ about a message $M$, when $X, Y$ and $M$ are joint random variables with a given joint distribution. We take a Markov based approach, motivated by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Keerthana Gurushankar , Praveen Venkatesh , Pulkit Grover