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In some estimation problems, not all the parameters can be identified, which results in singularity of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). The Cram\'er-Rao Bound (CRB), which is the inverse of the FIM, is then not defined. To regularize…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Elisabeth de Carvalho , Dirk Slock

Due to the potential of quantum advantage to surpass the standard quantum limit (SQL), the nonlinear interferometers have garnered significant attention from researchers in the field of precision measurement. However, many practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Mengyao Zhou , Hongmei Ma , Liqing Chen , Weiping Zhang , Chun-Hua Yuan

We investigate strategies for reaching the ultimate limit on the precision of frequency estimation when the number of probes used in each run of the experiment is fixed. That limit is set by the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound (QCRB), which…

Super-resolution microscopy has revolutionized the imaging of complex physical and biological systems by surpassing the Abbe diffraction limit. Recent advancements, particularly in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), have pushed…

Fluorescence microscopy is essential in biological and medical research, providing critical insights into cellular structures. However, limited by optical diffraction and background noise, a substantial amount of hidden information is still…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Xiaofeng Zhang , Yongsheng Huang , Jielong Yang , Zhili Wang , Si Chen , Linbo Liu , Xin Ge

The theoretical foundation of quantum sensing is rooted in the Cram\'er-Rao formalism, which establishes quantitative precision bounds for a given quantum probe. In many practical scenarios, where more than one parameter is unknown, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 George Mihailescu , Saubhik Sarkar , Abolfazl Bayat , Steve Campbell , Andrew K. Mitchell

A wide variety of imaging systems have been designed to measure phase variations, with applications from physics to biology and medicine. In this work, we theoretically compare the precision of phase estimations achievable with classical…

Optics · Physics 2021-05-21 Dorian Bouchet , Jonathan Dong , Dante Maestre , Thomas Juffmann

We demonstrate an approach to obtaining near quantum-limited far-field imaging resolution of incoherent sources with arbitrary distributions. Our method assumes no prior knowledge of the source distribution, but rather uses an adaptive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Erik F. Matlin , Lucas J. Zipp

We show that localisation microscopy of multiple weak, incoherent point sources with possibly different intensities in one spatial dimension is equivalent to estimating the amplitudes of a classical mixture of coherent states of a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-17 Evangelia Bisketzi , Dominic Branford , Animesh Datta

We theoretically study the angular displacements estimation based on a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), in which two optical parametric amplifiers (PAs) are introduced into two arms of the standard MZI, respectively. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-10 Gao-Feng Jiao , Qiang Wang , L. Q. Chen , Weiping Zhang , Chun-Hua Yuan

This paper experimentally and theoretically investigates the fundamental bounds on radio localization precision of far-field Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements. RSS measurements are proportional to power-flow measurements…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-24 B. J. Dil , F. Gustafsson , B. J. Hoenders

Non-classical states of light find applications in enhancing the performance of optical interferometric experiments, with notable example of gravitational wave-detectors. Still, the presence of decoherence hinders significantly the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-17 R. Demkowicz-Dobrzanski , M. Jarzyna , J. Kolodynski

Point-wise localization of individual fluorophores is a critical step in super-resolution microscopy and single particle tracking. Although the methods are limited by the accuracy in localizing individual flourophores, this point-wise…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-05-08 Martin Lindén , Vladimir Ćurić , Elias Amselem , Johan Elf

An important topic of interest in imaging is the construction of protocols that are not diffraction limited. This can be achieved in a variety of ways, including classical superresolution techniques or quantum entanglement-based protocols.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Mark E. Pearce , Thomas Mehringer , J. von Zanthier , Pieter Kok

Seeking the available precision limit of unknown parameters is a significant task in quantum parameter estimation. One often resorts to the widely utilized quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB) based on unbiased estimators to finish this task.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Shoukang Chang , Wei Ye , Xuan Rao , Huan Zhang , Liqing Huang , Mengmeng Luo , Yuetao Chen , Qiang Ma , Shaoyan Gao

Here, we report analysis and summary of research in the field of localization microscopy for optical imaging. We introduce the basic elements of super-resolved localization microscopy methods for PALM and STORM, commonly used both in vivo…

Optics · Physics 2021-02-25 Jack W Shepherd , Mark C Leake

The Cram\'er-Rao bound captures completely the performance of single-parameter quantum sensors. On the other hand, its extension to multiple parameters demands more caution. Different aspects need to be captured at once, including,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Jayanth Jayakumar , Marco Barbieri , Magdalena Stobińska

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound is a cornerstone of modern quantum metrology, as it provides the ultimate precision in parameter estimation. In the multiparameter scenario, this bound becomes a matrix inequality, which can be cast to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Aaron Z. Goldberg , Luis L. Sánchez-Soto , Hugo Ferretti

We theoretically present the quantum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bounds (QCRB) of an SU(1,1) interferometer for Gaussian states input with and without the internal photonic losses. The phase shifts in the single arm and in the double arms are studied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Qian-Kun Gong , Dong Li , Chun-Hua Yuan , Z. Y. Ou , Weiping Zhang

We study a new image sensor that is reminiscent of traditional photographic film. Each pixel in the sensor has a binary response, giving only a one-bit quantized measurement of the local light intensity. To analyze its performance, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-28 Feng Yang , Yue M. Lu , Luciano Sbaiz , Martin Vetterli