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Related papers: Deep Learning for Causal Inference

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While deep neural networks (DNN) have become an effective computational tool, the prediction results are often criticized by the lack of interpretability, which is essential in many real-world applications such as health informatics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Qingquan Song , Xia Hu

While Deep Neural Network (DNN) models have provided remarkable advances in machine vision capabilities, their high computational complexity and model sizes present a formidable roadblock to deployment in AIoT-based sensing applications. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Kasthuri Jayarajah , Dhanuja Wanniarachchige , Archan Misra

Causal inference is a crucial goal of science, enabling researchers to arrive at meaningful conclusions regarding the predictions of hypothetical interventions using observational data. Path models, Structural Equation Models (SEMs), and,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-11 Matthew J. Vowels

Practitioners in diverse fields such as healthcare, economics and education are eager to apply machine learning to improve decision making. The cost and impracticality of performing experiments and a recent monumental increase in electronic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Fredrik D. Johansson , Uri Shalit , Nathan Kallus , David Sontag

Objective: We investigate whether deep learning techniques for natural language processing (NLP) can be used efficiently for patient phenotyping. Patient phenotyping is a classification task for determining whether a patient has a medical…

Deep metric learning aims to construct an embedding space where samples of the same class are close to each other, while samples of different classes are far away from each other. Most existing deep metric learning methods attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Liu Pingping , Liu Zetong , Lang Yijun , Zhou Qiuzhan , Li Qingliang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often rely on statistical correlations rather than causal reasoning, limiting their robustness and interpretability. While testing methods can identify failures, effective debugging and repair remain challenging.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Fatemeh Vares , Brittany Johnson

Biomarker discovery from high-throughput transcriptomic data is crucial for advancing precision medicine. However, existing methods often neglect gene-gene regulatory relationships and lack stability across datasets, leading to conflation…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-18 Chaowang Lan , Jingxin Wu , Yulong Yuan , Chuxun Liu , Huangyi Kang , Caihua Liu

We study regression discontinuity designs in which many predetermined covariates, possibly much more than the number of observations, can be used to increase the precision of treatment effect estimates. We consider a two-step estimator…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-06 Alexander Kreiß , Christoph Rothe

Data poisoning attacks compromise the integrity of machine-learning models by introducing malicious training samples to influence the results during test time. In this work, we investigate backdoor data poisoning attack on deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Mahesh Subedar , Nilesh Ahuja , Ranganath Krishnan , Ibrahima J. Ndiour , Omesh Tickoo

While the success of deep neural networks (DNNs) is well-established across a variety of domains, our ability to explain and interpret these methods is limited. Unlike previously proposed local methods which try to explain particular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-29 Jonathan Ish-Horowicz , Dana Udwin , Seth Flaxman , Sarah Filippi , Lorin Crawford

This PhD thesis contains several contributions to the field of statistical causal modeling. Statistical causal models are statistical models embedded with causal assumptions that allow for the inference and reasoning about the behavior of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-05 Martin Emil Jakobsen

We study nonparametric distance-based (isotropic) local polynomial methods for estimating the boundary average treatment effect curve, a causal functional that captures treatment effect heterogeneity in boundary discontinuity designs. We…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-26 Matias D. Cattaneo , Rocio Titiunik , Ruiqi Rae Yu

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become very popular for prediction in many areas. Their strength is in representation with a high number of parameters that are commonly learned via gradient descent or similar optimization methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-11 Anthony Caterini , Dong Eui Chang

We propose a new estimation method for heterogeneous causal effects which utilizes a regression discontinuity (RD) design for multiple datasets with different thresholds. The standard RD design is frequently used in applied researches, but…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-05-14 Takayuki Toda , Ayako Wakano , Takahiro Hoshino

Deep Learning has been very successful in many application domains. However, its usefulness in the context of network intrusion detection has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we report a case study on using deep learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Gabriel C. Fernandez , Shouhuai Xu

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been demonstrated their powerful ability to extract discriminative features for hyperspectral image classification. However, general deep learning methods for CNNs ignore the influence of complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhiqiang Gong , Xian Zhou , Wen Yao

In the upcoming years, artificial intelligence (AI) is going to transform the practice of medicine in most of its specialties. Deep learning can help achieve better and earlier problem detection, while reducing errors on diagnosis. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Julie Payette , Sylvain G. Cloutier , Fabrice Vaussenat

Many techniques have been developed, such as model compression, to make Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) inference more efficiently. Nevertheless, DNNs still lack excellent run-time dynamic inference capability to enable users trade-off accuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Li Yang , Zhezhi He , Yu Cao , Deliang Fan

While many systems have been developed to train Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), efficient model inference and evaluation remain to be addressed. For instance, using the widely adopted node-wise approach, model evaluation can account for up to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Peiqi Yin , Xiao Yan , Jinjing Zhou , Qiang Fu , Zhenkun Cai , James Cheng , Bo Tang , Minjie Wang