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Related papers: Deep Learning for Causal Inference

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Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success in computer vision by supervisedly learning strong visual feature representations. However, training CNNs relies heavily on the availability of exhaustive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Jiabo Huang , Qi Dong , Shaogang Gong , Xiatian Zhu

Ability of deep networks to extract high level features and of recurrent networks to perform time-series inference have been studied. In view of universality of one hidden layer network at approximating functions under weak constraints, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-19 Sharat C. Prasad , Piyush Prasad

We investigate the problem of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) under a very general setup where the covariates can be high-dimensional, highly correlated, and can have sparse nonlinear effects on the propensity and outcome…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-26 Jianqing Fan , Soham Jana , Sanjeev Kulkarni , Qishuo Yin

Exact structured inference with neural network scoring functions is computationally challenging but several methods have been proposed for approximating inference. One approach is to perform gradient descent with respect to the output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Lifu Tu , Kevin Gimpel

Traditional models of category learning in psychology focus on representation at the category level as opposed to the stimulus level, even though the two are likely to interact. The stimulus representations employed in such models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Pulkit Singh , Joshua C. Peterson , Ruairidh M. Battleday , Thomas L. Griffiths

Deep learning, computational neuroscience, and cognitive science have overlapping goals related to understanding intelligence such that perception and behaviour can be simulated in computational systems. In neuroimaging, machine learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Jessica A. F. Thompson , Yoshua Bengio , Elia Formisano , Marc Schönwiesner

We propose strategies to estimate and make inference on key features of heterogeneous effects in randomized experiments. These key features include best linear predictors of the effects using machine learning proxies, average effects sorted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-25 Victor Chernozhukov , Mert Demirer , Esther Duflo , Iván Fernández-Val

We develop methodology for causal inference in observational studies when using propensity score subclassification on data constructed with probabilistic record linkage techniques. We focus on scenarios where covariates and binary treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-03 Joan Heck Wortman , Jerome P. Reiter

Collaboration between different data centers is often challenged by heterogeneity across sites. To account for the heterogeneity, the state-of-the-art method is to re-weight the covariate distributions in each site to match the distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-25 Tianyu Guo , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Michael I. Jordan

We present a comprehensive framework for applying rigorous statistical techniques from econometrics to analyze and improve machine learning systems. We introduce key statistical methods such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Michaël Soumm

In social sciences and economics, causal inference traditionally focuses on assessing the impact of predefined treatments (or interventions) on predefined outcomes, such as the effect of education programs on earnings. Causal discovery, in…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-12 Martin Huber

The recent advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) make them attractive for embedded systems. However, it can take a long time for DNNs to make an inference on resource-constrained computing devices. Model compression techniques can address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Qing Qin , Jie Ren , Jialong Yu , Ling Gao , Hai Wang , Jie Zheng , Yansong Feng , Jianbin Fang , Zheng Wang

We study an alternative use of machine learning. We train neural nets to provide the parameter estimate of a given (structural) econometric model, for example, discrete choice or consumer search. Training examples consist of datasets…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-10 Yanhao , Wei , Zhenling Jiang

Doubly robust estimators of causal effects are a popular means of estimating causal effects. Such estimators combine an estimate of the conditional mean of the outcome given treatment and confounders (the so-called outcome regression) with…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-17 David Benkeser , Weixin Cai , Mark J van der Laan

Many methods have been proposed to estimate treatment effects with observational data. Often, the choice of the method considers the application's characteristics, such as type of treatment and outcome, confounding effect, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Raquel Aoki , Martin Ester

Estimating treatment effects from observational data is challenging due to two main reasons: (a) hidden confounding, and (b) covariate mismatch (control and treatment groups not having identical distributions). Long lines of works exist…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Praharsh Nanavati , Ranjitha Prasad , Karthikeyan Shanmugam

Adjusting for confounding and imbalance when establishing statistical relationships is an increasingly important task, and causal inference methods have emerged as the most popular tool to achieve this. Causal inference has been developed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-20 Daisuke Kurisu , Yidong Zhou , Taisuke Otsu , Hans-Georg Müller

Deep neural networks are prone to overconfident predictions on outliers. Bayesian neural networks and deep ensembles have both been shown to mitigate this problem to some extent. In this work, we aim to combine the benefits of the two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Runa Eschenhagen , Erik Daxberger , Philipp Hennig , Agustinus Kristiadi

This paper concerns a deep learning approach to relevance ranking in information retrieval (IR). Existing deep IR models such as DSSM and CDSSM directly apply neural networks to generate ranking scores, without explicit understandings of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Jun Xu , Jingfang Xu , Xueqi Cheng

Causal inference explores the causation between actions and the consequent rewards on a covariate set. Recently deep learning has achieved a remarkable performance in causal inference, but existing statistical theories cannot well explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Minshuo Chen , Hao Liu , Wenjing Liao , Tuo Zhao