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Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have been shown to be powerful nonlinear approximators when the input data can be properly modeled in the complex domain. One of the major challenges in scaling up CVNNs in practice is the design of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Simone Scardapane , Steven Van Vaerenbergh , Danilo Comminiello , Aurelio Uncini

Artificial neural networks (ANNs), particularly those employing deep learning models, have found widespread application in fields such as computer vision, signal processing, and wireless communications, where complex numbers are crucial.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 M. M. Hammad

Neural networks are generally built by interleaving (adaptable) linear layers with (fixed) nonlinear activation functions. To increase their flexibility, several authors have proposed methods for adapting the activation functions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-27 Simone Scardapane , Steven Van Vaerenbergh , Simone Totaro , Aurelio Uncini

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) are nonlinear filters used in the digital signal processing of complex-domain data. Compared with real-valued neural networks~(RVNNs), CVNNs can directly handle complex-valued input and output signals…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Kayol Soares Mayer , Jonathan Aguiar Soares , Ariadne Arrais Cruz , Dalton Soares Arantes

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) based machine learning models and especially deep learning models have been widely applied in computer vision, signal processing, wireless communications, and many other domains, where complex numbers occur…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-01 Joshua Bassey , Lijun Qian , Xianfang Li

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have recently been successful in various pioneering areas which involve wave-typed information and frequency-domain processing. This work addresses different structures and classification of CVNNs. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Rayyan Abdalla

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) are an emerging field of research in neural networks due to their potential representational properties for audio, image, and physiological signals. It is common in signal processing to transform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Andy M. Sarroff , Victor Shepardson , Michael A. Casey

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a class of neural networks that allow to efficiently perform inference on data that is associated to a graph structure, such as, e.g., citation networks or knowledge graphs. While several variants of GNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Simone Scardapane , Steven Van Vaerenbergh , Danilo Comminiello , Aurelio Uncini

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have recently shown promising empirical success, for instance for increasing the stability of recurrent neural networks and for improving the performance in tasks with complex-valued inputs, such as in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Paul Geuchen , Felix Voigtlaender

In this work we propose CVKAN, a complex-valued Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN), to join the intrinsic interpretability of KANs and the advantages of Complex-Valued Neural Networks (CVNNs). We show how to transfer a KAN and the necessary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Matthias Wolff , Florian Eilers , Xiaoyi Jiang

This work explains in detail the theory behind Complex-Valued Neural Network (CVNN), including Wirtinger calculus, complex backpropagation, and basic modules such as complex layers, complex activation functions, or complex weight…

Complex-valued Neural Networks (CVNNs) are often motivated by domains where information is naturally encoded in magnitude and phase. Yet complex-valued inputs alone do not determine when complex arithmetic improves learning: the label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ashutosh Kumar

This study explores the design and application of Complex-Valued Convolutional Neural Networks (CVCNNs) in audio signal processing, with a focus on preserving and utilizing phase information often neglected in real-valued networks. We begin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Naman Agrawal

In the ever-evolving field of artificial neural networks and learning systems, complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have become a cornerstone, achieving exceptional performance in image processing and telecommunications. More precisely,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Jonathan A. Soares , Vinícius H. Luiz , Dalton S. Arantes , Kayol S. Mayer

The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we show the potential interest of Complex-Valued Neural Network (CVNN) on classification tasks for complex-valued datasets. To highlight this assertion, we investigate an example of…

The design of activation functions is a growing research area in the field of neural networks. In particular, instead of using fixed point-wise functions (e.g., the rectified linear unit), several authors have proposed ways of learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Simone Scardapane , Elena Nieddu , Donatella Firmani , Paolo Merialdo

Neural networks, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN), are one of the most common tools these days used in computer vision. Most of these networks work with real-valued data using real-valued features. Complex-valued convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Soumick Chatterjee , Pavan Tummala , Oliver Speck , Andreas Nürnberger

Utilizing complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) in wireless communication tasks has received growing attention for their ability to provide natural and effective representation of complex-valued signals and data. However, existing studies…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Yang Leng , Qingfeng Lin , Long-Yin Yung , Jingreng Lei , Yang Li , Yik-Chung Wu

Complex-valued neural networks are not a new concept, however, the use of real-valued models has often been favoured over complex-valued models due to difficulties in training and performance. When comparing real-valued versus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Nils Mönning , Suresh Manandhar

In the architecture of deep learning models, inspired by biological neurons, activation functions (AFs) play a pivotal role. They significantly influence the performance of artificial neural networks. By modulating the non-linear properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 M. M. Hammad
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