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Recent deep neural network-based device classification studies show that complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) yield higher classification accuracy than real-valued neural networks (RVNNs). Although this improvement is (intuitively)…

Deep learning models operating in the complex domain are used due to their rich representation capacity. However, most of these models are either restricted to the first quadrant of the complex plane or project the complex-valued data into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Aniruddh Sikdar , Sumanth Udupa , Suresh Sundaram

We propose a \emph{hybrid} real- and complex-valued \emph{neural network} (HNN) architecture, designed to combine the computational efficiency of real-valued processing with the ability to effectively handle complex-valued data. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Alex Young , Luan Vinícius Fiorio , Bo Yang , Boris Karanov , Wim van Houtum , Ronald M. Aarts

Accurately modeling quantum dissipative dynamics remains challenging due to environmental complexity and non-Markovian memory effects. Although machine learning provides a promising alternative to conventional simulation techniques, most…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Muhammad Atif , Arif Ullah , Ming Yang

Activation functions play a decisive role in determining the capacity of Deep Neural Networks as they enable neural networks to capture inherent nonlinearities present in data fed to them. The prior research on activation functions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jamshaid Ul Rahman , Faiza Makhdoom , Dianchen Lu

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely applied. But as the CNNs grow, the number of arithmetic operations and memory footprint also increase. Furthermore, typical non-linear activation functions do not allow associativity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Eduardo Vera Sousa , Leandro A. F. Fernandes , Cristina Nader Vasconcelos

Artificial neural networks (ANN), typically referred to as neural networks, are a class of Machine Learning algorithms and have achieved widespread success, having been inspired by the biological structure of the human brain. Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Murilo Gustineli

Decisions made by convolutional neural networks(CNN) can be understood and explained by visualizing discriminative regions on images. To this end, Class Activation Map (CAM) based methods were proposed as powerful interpretation tools,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Yi Liao , Yongsheng Gao , Weichuan Zhang

This research paper introduces two novel complex-valued Hopfield neural networks (CvHNNs) that incorporate phase and magnitude quantization. The first CvHNN employs a ceiling-type activation function that operates on the rectangular…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Garimella Ramamurthy , Marcos Eduardo Valle , Tata Jagannadha Swamy

Complex-Valued Neural Networks (CVNNs) have significant advantages in handling tasks that involve complex numbers. However, existing CVNNs are unable to quantify predictive uncertainty. We propose, for the first time, dropout-based Bayesian…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zehuan Zhang , Mark Chen , He Li , Wayne Luk

In this brief we investigate the generalization properties of a recently-proposed class of non-parametric activation functions, the kernel activation functions (KAFs). KAFs introduce additional parameters in the learning process in order to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-29 Michele Cirillo , Simone Scardapane , Steven Van Vaerenbergh , Aurelio Uncini

Deep complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) provide a powerful way to leverage complex number operations and representations and have succeeded in several phase-based applications. However, previous networks have not fully explored the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-06 Yanting Yang , Yiren Zhang , Zongyu Li , Jeffery Siyuan Tian , Matthieu Dagommer , Jia Guo

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the cutting edge model for supervised machine learning in computer vision. In recent years CNNs have outperformed traditional approaches in many computer vision tasks such as object detection, image…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Nitzan Guberman

Until recently, applications of neural networks in machine learning have almost exclusively relied on real-valued networks. It was recently observed, however, that complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) exhibit superior performance in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-06 A. Caragea , D. G. Lee , J. Maly , G. Pfander , F. Voigtlaender

Activation functions (AFs) are an important part of the design of neural networks (NNs), and their choice plays a predominant role in the performance of a NN. In this work, we are particularly interested in the estimation of flexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Yassine Zniyed , Konstantin Usevich , Sebastian Miron , David Brie

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) are rising in popularity for all kinds of applications. To safely use CVNNs in practice, analyzing their robustness against outliers is crucial. One well known technique to understand the behavior of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Florian Eilers , Christof Duhme , Xiaoyi Jiang

At present, the great achievements of convolutional neural network(CNN) in feature and metric learning have attracted many researchers. However, the vast majority of deep network architectures have been used to represent based on real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Siwen Jiang , Wenxuan Wei , Shihao Guo , Hongguang Fu , Lei Huang

We introduce a new class of non-linear models for functional data based on neural networks. Deep learning has been very successful in non-linear modeling, but there has been little work done in the functional data setting. We propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Aniruddha Rajendra Rao , Matthew Reimherr

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have been widely applied to various fields, especially signal processing and image recognition. However, few works focus on the generalization of CVNNs, albeit it is vital to ensure the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Haowen Chen , Fengxiang He , Shiye Lei , Dacheng Tao

Continuous-variables (CV) quantum optics is a natural formalism for neural networks (NNs) due to its ability to reproduce the information processing of such trainable interconnected systems. In quantum optics, Gaussian operators induce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Todor Krasimirov-Ivanov , Alba Cervera-Lierta , Paolo Stornati , Federico Centrone