Related papers: A gauge-invariant reversible cellular automaton
I point out two of the subtleties referred to in the title. The first is that gauge-invariant magnetic systems may realized under general circumstances, as suggested by a simple theorem. The second subtlety is that care is needed to…
Phenomena in gauge theory are often described in the physics literature via a specific choice of gauge. In foundational and philosophical discussions this is often criticized as introducing gauge dependence, and contrasted against (often…
Differential calculus on discrete sets is developed in the spirit of noncommutative geometry. Any differential algebra on a discrete set can be regarded as a `reduction' of the `universal differential algebra' and this allows a systematic…
Gauge symmetry plays a key role in our description of subatomic matter. The vanishing photon mass, the long-ranged Coulomb law, and asymptotic freedom are all due to gauge invariance. Recent years have seen tantalizing progress in the…
The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by "deriving it without assuming it" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum…
Gauge symmetries emerge from a redundant description of the effective action for light degrees of freedom after the decoupling of heavy modes. This redundant description avoids the use of explicit constraints in configuration space. For…
The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…
While for synchronous deterministic cellular automata there is an accepted definition of reversibility, the situation is less clear for asynchronous cellular automata. We first discuss a few possibilities and then investigate what we call…
A cellular automaton is a parallel synchronous computing model, which consists in a juxtaposition of finite automata whose state evolves according to that of their neighbors. It induces a dynamical system on the set of configurations, i.e.…
Number-conserving cellular automata are discrete dynamical systems that simulate interacting particles like e.g. grains of sand. In an earlier paper, I had already derived a uniform construction for all transition rules of one-dimensional…
We start by reviewing the concept of gauge invariance in quantum mechanics, for Abelian and Non-Ableian cases. Then we idescribe how the various gauge potential and field can be associated with the geometrical phase acquired by a quantum…
In a traditional gauge theory, the matter fields \phi^a and the gauge fields A^c_\mu are fundamental objects of the theory. The traditional gauge field is similar to the connection coefficient in the Riemannian geometry covariant…
In particle physics, the fundamental forces are subject to symmetries called gauge invariance. It is a redundancy in the mathematical description of any physical system. In this article I will demonstrate that the transformer architecture…
We study the fixed points of outer-totalistic cellular automata on sparse random regular graphs. These can be seen as constraint satisfaction problems, where each variable must adhere to the same local constraint, which depends solely on…
Following the thread of R. Gastmans, S. L. Wu and T. T. Wu, the calculation in the unitary gauge for the $H \to \gamma \gamma$ process via one W loop is repeated, but without the specific choice of the independent loop momentum for the…
The energy density spectrum is an observable of gravitational waves. Divergence has appeared in the energy density spectra of the scalar induced gravitational waves for different gauge fixings. To resolve the discrepancy, we investigate the…
Using a system of the corresponding Schwinger-Dyson equations of motion, a pure dynamical theory of quark confinement and spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry is formulated. It is based on dominated in the QCD vacuum self-interaction of…
Quantum cellular automata (QCA) are reviewed, including early and more recent proposals. QCA are a generalization of (classical) cellular automata (CA) and in particular of reversible CA. The latter are reviewed shortly. An overview is…
We add small random perturbations to a cellular automaton and consider the one-parameter family $(F_\epsilon)_{\epsilon>0}$ parameterized by $\epsilon$ where $\epsilon>0$ is the level of noise. The objective of the article is to study the…
It is shown that gauge theories are most naturally studied via a polar decomposition of the field variable. Gauge transformations may be viewed as those that leave the density invariant but change the phase variable by additive amounts. The…