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For more than 80 years, the counterintuitive predictions of quantum theory have stimulated debate about the nature of reality. In his seminal work, John Bell proved that no theory of nature that obeys locality and realism can reproduce all…

The generation of (Bell-)nonlocal correlations, i.e., correlations leading to the violation of a Bell-like inequality, requires the usage of a nonlocal resource, such as an entangled state. When given a correlation (a collection of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Florian John Curchod , Nicolas Gisin , Yeong-Cherng Liang

The information-theoretic approach to Bell's theorem is developed with use of the conditional $q$-entropies. The $q$-entropic measures fulfill many similar properties to the standard Shannon entropy. In general, both the locality and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-11 Alexey E. Rastegin

Self-testing protocols enable certification of quantum devices without demanding full knowledge about their inner workings. A typical approach in designing such protocols is based on observing nonlocal correlations which exhibit maximum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-31 Ashutosh Rai , Matej Pivoluska , Souradeep Sasmal , Manik Banik , Sibasish Ghosh , Martin Plesch

On one side, so far a great part of the evidence accepted as proof of the alleged quantum non-locality relied on inhomogeneous Bell inequalities involving an additional assumption (no-enhancement) whose role had not been sufficiently…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 David Rodríguez

Bell's theorem states that no local realistic explanation of quantum mechanical predictions is possible, in which the experimenter has a freedom to choose between different measurement settings. Within a local realistic picture the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johannes Kofler , Tomasz Paterek , Caslav Brukner

We discuss Bell nonlocality in quantum networks with unreliable sources. Our main result is a condition on the observed data which ensures that inconclusive events can be safely discarded, without introducing any loophole. More formally, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Sadra Boreiri , Nicolas Brunner , Pavel Sekatski

Bell inequalities reveal the fundamentally nonlocal character of quantum mechanics. In this regard, one of the interesting problems is to explore all possible Bell inequalities that demonstrate a gap between local and nonlocal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Palash Pandya , Shubhayan Sarkar , Remigiusz Augusiak

Theoretical considerations of Bell-inequality experiments usually assume identically prepared and independent pairs of particles. Here we consider pairs that exhibit both intra- and inter-pair entanglement. The pairs are taken from a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-17 S. Ashhab , Koji Maruyama , Caslav Brukner , Franco Nori

Recently, a group of experiments tested local realism with random choices prepared by humans. These various tests were subject to additional assumptions, which lead to loopholes in the interpretations of almost all of the experiments. Among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-08 Stanisław Sołtan , Dawid Dopierała , Adam Bednorz

In device-independent quantum information, correlations between local measurement outcomes observed by spatially separated parties in a Bell test play a fundamental role. Even though it is long-known that the set of correlations allowed in…

The algebraic derivation of the numerical limits of Bell inequalities in either three or four random variables is independent of the assumption of randomness.The limits of the inequalities follow as mathematical consequences of their…

General Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 L. Sica

Methods to certify the robustness of neural networks in the presence of input uncertainty are vital in safety-critical settings. Most certification methods in the literature are designed for adversarial input uncertainty, but researchers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Brendon G. Anderson , Somayeh Sojoudi

Bell's test, initially devised to distinguish quantum theory from local hidden variable models through {violations of local bounds}, is also a common tool for detecting entanglement. For this purpose, one can assume the quantum description…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Liang-Liang Sun , Yong-Shun Song , Sixia Yu

The standard Bell inequality experiments test for violation of local realism by repeatedly making local measurements on individual copies of an entangled quantum state. Here we investigate the possibility of increasing the violation of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yeong-Cherng Liang , Andrew C. Doherty

Measurements performed on distant parts of an entangled quantum state can generate correlations incompatible with classical theories respecting the assumption of local causality. This is the phenomenon known as quantum non-locality that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-28 S. G. A. Brito , B. Amaral , R. Chaves

We investigate how accidental counts, the detection events not originating from genuine entangled photon pairs, impact the observed violation of Bell inequalities in photonic experiments. These false coincidences become increasingly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Piotr Mironowicz , Mohamed Bourennane

The rates at which a user can generate device-independent quantum random numbers from a Bell-type experiment depend on the measurements that he performs. By numerically optimising over these measurements, we present lower bounds on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-28 Syed M Assad , Oliver Thearle , Ping Koy Lam

Nonlocality is one of the most important resources for quantum information protocols. The observation of nonlocal correlations in a Bell experiment is the result of appropriately chosen measurements and quantum states. We quantify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-21 Lucas Tendick , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Free will (or randomness) has been studied to achieve loophole-free Bell's inequality test and to provide device-independent quantum key distribution security proofs. The required randomness such that a local hidden variable model (LHVM)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Yifeng Teng , Shenghao Yang , Siwei Wang , Mingfei Zhao