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In this article, we generalize the Wasserstein distance to measures with different masses. We study the properties of such distance. In particular, we show that it metrizes weak convergence for tight sequences. We use this generalized…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-05 Benedetto Piccoli , Francesco Rossi

Distributionally robust supervised learning (DRSL) is emerging as a key paradigm for building reliable machine learning systems for real-world applications -- reflecting the need for classifiers and predictive models that are robust to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Yaodong Yu , Tianyi Lin , Eric Mazumdar , Michael I. Jordan

Distributionally-robust optimization is often studied for a fixed set of distributions rather than time-varying distributions that can drift significantly over time (which is, for instance, the case in finance and sociology due to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-01 Iman Shames , Farhad Farokhi

The notion of entropy-regularized optimal transport, also known as Sinkhorn divergence, has recently gained popularity in machine learning and statistics, as it makes feasible the use of smoothed optimal transportation distances for data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Jérémie Bigot , Elsa Cazelles , Nicolas Papadakis

We suggest that the tools of contraction analysis for deterministic systems can be applied towards studying the convergence behavior of stochastic dynamical systems in the Wasserstein metric. In particular, we consider the case of Ito…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-01 Jake Bouvrie , Jean-Jacques Slotine

Wasserstein Policy Optimization (WPO) is a recently proposed reinforcement learning algorithm that leverages Wasserstein gradient flows to optimize stochastic policies in continuous action spaces. Despite its empirical success, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 David Šiška , Yufei Zhang

In this paper, we address the classification of instances each characterized not by a singular point, but by a distribution on a vector space. We employ the Wasserstein metric to measure distances between distributions, which are then used…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Jia Li , Lin Lin

We consider the problem of reinforcement learning when provided with (1) a baseline control policy and (2) a set of constraints that the learner must satisfy. The baseline policy can arise from demonstration data or a teacher agent and may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Tsung-Yen Yang , Justinian Rosca , Karthik Narasimhan , Peter J. Ramadge

The Wasserstein distance, also known as the Earth mover distance or optimal transport distance, is a widely used measure of similarity between probability distributions. This paper presents an linear programming based implementation of the…

Computation · Statistics 2025-10-29 Zehao Lu

While statistical modeling of distributional data has gained increased attention, the case of multivariate distributions has been somewhat neglected despite its relevance in various applications. This is because the Wasserstein distance,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Han Chen , Yidong Zhou , Hans-Georg Müller

In this note, we propose an extension of the Wasserstein 1-metric ($W_1$) for matrix probability densities, matrix-valued density measures, and an unbalanced interpretation of mass transport. The key is using duality theory, in particular,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-07 Yongxin Chen , Tryphon T. Georgiou , Lipeng Ning , Allen Tannenbaum

Multi-marginal optimal transport enables one to compare multiple probability measures, which increasingly finds application in multi-task learning problems. One practical limitation of multi-marginal transport is computational scalability…

Gradient boosting is a sequential ensemble method that fits a new weaker learner to pseudo residuals at each iteration. We propose Wasserstein gradient boosting, a novel extension of gradient boosting that fits a new weak learner to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-30 Takuo Matsubara

We define the quantum Wasserstein distance such that the optimization of the coupling is carried out over bipartite separable states rather than bipartite quantum states in general, and examine its properties. Surprisingly, we find that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Géza Tóth , József Pitrik

Gaussian mixture models find their place as a powerful tool, mostly in the clustering problem, but with proper preparation also in feature extraction, pattern recognition, image segmentation and in general machine learning. When faced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Mateusz Przyborowski , Mateusz Pabiś , Andrzej Janusz , Dominik Ślęzak

In this paper, we consider the problem of propagating an uncertain distribution by a possibly non-linear function and quantifying the resulting uncertainty. We measure the uncertainty using the Wasserstein distance, and for a given input…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-13 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Luca Laurenti

In this paper we introduce a Wasserstein-type distance on the set of Gaussian mixture models. This distance is defined by restricting the set of possible coupling measures in the optimal transport problem to Gaussian mixture models. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Julie Delon , Agnes Desolneux

We introduce a novel, geometry-aware distance metric for the family of von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distributions, which are fundamental models for directional data on the unit hypersphere. Although the vMF distribution is widely employed in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-22 Kisung You , Dennis Shung , Mauro Giuffrè

To measure the similarity of documents, the Wasserstein distance is a powerful tool, but it requires a high computational cost. Recently, for fast computation of the Wasserstein distance, methods for approximating the Wasserstein distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Yuki Takezawa , Ryoma Sato , Makoto Yamada

The quantum Wasserstein distance (W-distance) is a fundamental metric for quantifying the distinguishability of quantum operations, with critical applications in quantum error correction. However, computing the W-distance remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Changchun Feng , Xinyu Qiu , Laifa Tao , Lin Chen