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Large-scale multilingual machine translation systems have demonstrated remarkable ability to translate directly between numerous languages, making them increasingly appealing for real-world applications. However, when deployed in the wild,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Nuno M. Guerreiro , Duarte Alves , Jonas Waldendorf , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch , Pierre Colombo , André F. T. Martins

We generalize the word analogy task across languages, to provide a new intrinsic evaluation method for cross-lingual semantic spaces. We experiment with six languages within different language families, including English, German, Spanish,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Tomáš Brychcín , Stephen Eugene Taylor , Lukáš Svoboda

In this work we approach the task of learning multilingual word representations in an offline manner by fitting a generative latent variable model to a multilingual dictionary. We model equivalent words in different languages as different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Francisco Vargas , Kamen Brestnichki , Alex Papadopoulos-Korfiatis , Nils Hammerla

Pre-trained word embeddings are widely used for transfer learning in natural language processing. The embeddings are continuous and distributed representations of the words that preserve their similarities in compact Euclidean spaces.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Halid Ziya Yerebakan , Parmeet Bhatia , Yoshihisa Shinagawa

How related are the representations learned by neural language models, translation models, and language tagging tasks? We answer this question by adapting an encoder-decoder transfer learning method from computer vision to investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Richard Antonello , Javier Turek , Vy Vo , Alexander Huth

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit emergent behaviors suggestive of human-like reasoning. While recent work has identified structured conceptual representations within these models, it remains unclear whether they functionally rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ningyu Xu , Qi Zhang , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities across a variety of tasks. Despite the models only seeing text in training, several recent studies suggest that LLM representations implicitly capture aspects of the underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yutaro Yamada , Yihan Bao , Andrew K. Lampinen , Jungo Kasai , Ilker Yildirim

Large language models are powerful systems that excel at many tasks, ranging from translation to mathematical reasoning. Yet, at the same time, these models often show unhuman-like characteristics. In the present paper, we address this gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Marcel Binz , Eric Schulz

This article presents a hybrid methodology for building a multilingual corpus designed to support the study of emerging concepts in the humanities and social sciences (HSS), illustrated here through the case of ``non-technological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Revekka Kyriakoglou , Anna Pappa

There has been significant interest recently in learning multilingual word embeddings -- in which semantically similar words across languages have similar embeddings. State-of-the-art approaches have relied on expensive labeled data, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Karan Singhal , Karthik Raman , Balder ten Cate

Humans have an incredible ability to process and understand information from multiple sources such as images, video, text, and speech. Recent success of deep neural networks has enabled us to develop algorithms which give machines the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Dheeraj Peri , Shagan Sah , Raymond Ptucha

In machine translation, a common problem is that the translation of certain words even if translated can cause incomprehension of the target language audience due to different cultural backgrounds. A solution to solve this problem is to add…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Renhan Lou , Jan Niehues

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have sparked debate over whether such systems just learn an enormous collection of superficial statistics or a set of more coherent and grounded representations that reflect the real world.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wes Gurnee , Max Tegmark

State-of-the-art contextual embeddings are obtained from large language models available only for a few languages. For others, we need to learn representations using a multilingual model. There is an ongoing debate on whether multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Tomasz Limisiewicz , David Mareček

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

Although an object may appear in numerous contexts, we often describe it in a limited number of ways. Language allows us to abstract away visual variation to represent and communicate concepts. Building on this intuition, we propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Mohamed El Banani , Karan Desai , Justin Johnson

Recognizing that even correct translations are not always semantically equivalent, we automatically detect meaning divergences in parallel sentence pairs with a deep neural model of bilingual semantic similarity which can be trained for any…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Yogarshi Vyas , Xing Niu , Marine Carpuat

While large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities at task-specific applications through fine-tuning, extending these benefits across diverse languages is essential for broad accessibility. However, effective cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Danni Liu , Jan Niehues

Recent works in neural machine translation have begun to explore document translation. However, translating online multi-speaker conversations is still an open problem. In this work, we propose the task of translating Bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Sameen Maruf , André F. T. Martins , Gholamreza Haffari

Two languages are considered mutually intelligible if their native speakers can communicate with each other, while using their own mother tongue. How does the fact that humans perceive a language pair as mutually intelligible affect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Avital Friedland , Jonathan Zeltser , Omer Levy