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Analogous to regular string and tree languages, regular languages of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are defined in the literature. Although called regular, those DAG-languages are more powerful and, consequently, standard problems have a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yvo Ad Meeres

The identification of deterministic finite automata (DFAs) from labeled examples is a cornerstone of automata learning, yet traditional methods focus on learning monolithic DFAs, which often yield a large DFA lacking simplicity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junjie Meng , Jie An , Yong Li , Andrea Turrini , Fanjiang Xu , Naijun Zhan , Miaomiao Zhang

In the present work, we tackle the regular language indexing problem by first studying the hierarchy of $p$-sortable languages: regular languages accepted by automata of width $p$. We show that the hierarchy is strict and does not collapse,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Nicola Cotumaccio , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

In this paper we address the question of synchronizing random automata in the critical settings of almost-group automata. Group automata are automata where all letters act as permutations on the set of states, and they are not synchronizing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Mikhail V. Berlinkov , Cyril Nicaud

We generalize the partial derivative automaton to regular expressions with shuffle and study its size in the worst and in the average case. The number of states of the partial derivative automata is in the worst case at most 2^m, where m is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Sabine Broda , António Machiavelo , Nelma Moreira , Rogério Reis

A regular language is $k$-piecewise testable if it is a finite boolean combination of languages of the form $\Sigma^* a_1 \Sigma^* \cdots \Sigma^* a_n \Sigma^*$, where $a_i\in\Sigma$ and $0\le n \le k$. Given a DFA $A$ and $k\ge 0$, it is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Tomáš Masopust

In the constrained synchronization problem we ask if a given automaton admits a synchronizing word coming from a fixed regular constraint language. We show that intersecting a given constraint language with an ideal language decreases the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Stefan Hoffmann

It was shown before that the NP-hard problem of deterministic finite automata (DFA) identification can be effectively translated to Boolean satisfiability (SAT). Modern SAT-solvers can tackle hard DFA identification instances efficiently.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Vladimir Ulyantsev , Ilya Zakirzyanov , Anatoly Shalyto

This paper concerns non-overlapping codes, block codes motivated by synchronisation and DNA-based storage applications. Most existing constructions of these codes do not account for the restrictions posed by the physical properties of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Lidija Stanovnik , Miha Moškon , Miha Mraz

We propose a query learning algorithm for residual symbolic finite automata (RSFAs). Symbolic finite automata (SFAs) are finite automata whose transitions are labeled by predicates over a Boolean algebra, in which a big collection of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Kaizaburo Chubachi , Diptarama Hendrian , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

The article defines and studies the genus of finite state deterministic automata (FSA) and regular languages. Indeed, a FSA can be seen as a graph for which the notion of genus arises. At the same time, a FSA has a semantics via its…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Guillaume Bonfante , Florian Deloup

We revisit the popular \emph{delayed deterministic finite automaton} (\ddfa{}) compression algorithm introduced by Kumar~et~al.~[SIGCOMM 2006] for compressing deterministic finite automata (DFAs) used in intrusion detection systems. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Max Rishøj Pedersen

A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) separates two strings $w$ and $x$ if it accepts $w$ and rejects $x$. The minimum number of states required for a DFA to separate $w$ and $x$ is denoted by $sep(w,x)$. The present paper shows that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Farzam Ebrahimnejad

We examine the reset threshold of randomly generated deterministic automata. We present a simple proof that an automaton with a random mapping and two random permutation letters has a reset threshold of $\mathcal{O}\big( \sqrt{n \log^3 n}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Balázs Gerencsér , Zsombor Várkonyi

The \v{C}ern\'y's conjecture states that for every synchronizing automaton with n states there exists a reset word of length not exceeding (n-11)^2. We prove this conjecture for a class of automata preserving certain properties of intervals…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-12 M. Grech , A. Kisielewicz

In the literature, there exist several interesting hybrid models of finite automata which have both quantum and classical states. We call them semi-quantum automata. In this paper, we compare the descriptional power of these models with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Lvzhou Li , Daowen Qiu

The asynchronous automaton associated with a Boolean network $f:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^n$ is considered in many applications. It is the finite deterministic automaton with set of states $\{0,1\}^n$, alphabet $\{1,\dots,n\}$, where the action…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-12 Julio Aracena , Maximilien Gadouleau , Adrien Richard , Lilian Salinas

The single shortest path algorithm is undefined for weighted finite-state automata over non-idempotent semirings because such semirings do not guarantee the existence of a shortest path. However, in non-idempotent semirings admitting an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Kyle Gorman , Cyril Allauzen

Bounded Variable Addition (BVA) is a central preprocessing method in modern state-of-the-art SAT solvers. We provide a graph-theoretic characterization of which 2-CNF encodings can be constructed by an idealized BVA algorithm. Based on this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Benjamin Przybocki , Bernardo Subercaseaux , Marijn J. H. Heule

We observe that the classical Cartesian product construction for the intersection of (languages of) nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) is non-optimal in the worst case, if the automata have many transitions. For a fixed alphabet, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dmitry Chistikov , Neha Rino