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Related papers: An Efficient Generalized Shift-Rule for the Prefer…

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A shift rule for the prefer-max De Bruijn sequence is formulated, for all sequence orders, and over any finite alphabet. An efficient algorithm for this shift rule is presented, which has linear (in the sequence order) time and memory…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Gal Amram , Yair Ashlagi , Amir Rubin , Yotam Svoray , Moshe Schwartz , Gera Weiss

We present a combinatorial game and propose efficiently computable optimal strategies. We then show how these strategies can be translated to efficiently computable shift-rules for the well known prefer-max and prefer-min De Bruijn…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Gal Amram , Amir Rubin , Yotam Svoray , Gera Weiss

A cut-down de Bruijn sequence is a cyclic string of length $L$, where $1 \leq L \leq k^n$, such that every substring of length $n$ appears at most once. Etzion [Theor. Comp. Sci 44 (1986)] gives an algorithm to construct binary cut-down de…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Ben Cameron , Aysu Gündoğan , Joe Sawada

The greedy Prefer-same de Bruijn sequence construction was first presented by Eldert et al.[AIEE Transactions 77 (1958)]. As a greedy algorithm, it has one major downside: it requires an exponential amount of space to store the length $2^n$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Evan Sala , Joe Sawada , Abbas Alhakim

A de Bruijn sequence of order n over a k-symbol alphabet is a circular sequence where each length-n sequence occurs exactly once. We present a way of extending de Bruijn sequences by adding a new symbol to the alphabet: the extension is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Verónica Becher , Lucas Cortés

A (non-circular) de Bruijn sequence w of order n is a word such that every word of length n appears exactly once in w as a factor. In this paper, we generalize the concept to a multi-shift setting: a multi-shift de Bruijn sequence tau(m,n)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-04-09 Zhi Xu

We propose a novel construction for the well-known prefer-max De Bruijn sequence, based on the cycle joining technique. We further show that the construction implies known results from the literature in a straightforward manner. First, it…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Gal Amram , Amir Rubin , Gera Weiss

We put forward new general criteria to design successor rules that generate binary de Bruijn sequences. Prior fast algorithms based on successor rules in the literature are then shown to be special instances. We implemented the criteria to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Zuling Chang , Martianus Frederic Ezerman , Pinhui Ke , Qiang Wang

For positive integers $k,n$, a de Bruijn sequence $B(k,n)$ is a finite sequence of elements drawn from $k$ characters whose subwords of length $n$ are exactly the $k^n$ words of length $n$ on $k$ characters. This paper introduces the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-31 Christie S. Burris , Francis C. Motta , Patrick D. Shipman

The de Bruijn graph, its sequences, and their various generalizations, have found many applications in information theory, including many new ones in the last decade. In this paper, motivated by a coding problem for emerging memory…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Yeow Meng Chee , Tuvi Etzion , Han Mao Kiah , Alexander Vardy , Van Khu Vu , Eitan yaakobi

Binary time series data are very common in many applications, and are typically modelled independently via a Bernoulli process with a single probability of success. However, the probability of a success can be dependent on the outcome…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-12 Louise Kimpton , Peter Challenor , Henry Wynn

Orientable sequences of order n are infinite periodic sequences with symbols drawn from a finite alphabet of size k with the property that any particular subsequence of length n occurs at most once in a period in either direction. They were…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Chris J Mitchell , Peter R Wild

We investigate binary sequences generated by non-Markovian rules with memory length $\mu$, similar to those adopted in Elementary Cellular Automata. This generation procedure is equivalente to a shift register and certain rules produce…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Francisco J. Muñoz , Juan Carlos Nuño

We study a fixed-window counting system in which integers are represented by words of constant length while the alphabet grows as needed. This viewpoint arises from De Bruijn sequences: for fixed order $n$, the reverse prefer-max sequence…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Dor Genosar , Yotam Svoray , Gera Weiss

A universal cycle for a set S of combinatorial objects is a cyclic sequence of length |S|that contains a representation of each element in S exactly once as a substring. If S is the set of k-subsets of [n] = {1, 2, . . . , n}, it is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Colin Campbell , Luke Janik-Jones , Joe Sawada

We study how to generate binary de Bruijn sequences efficiently from the class of simple linear feedback shift registers with feedback function $f(x_0, x_1, \ldots, x_{n-1}) = x_0 + x_1 + x_{n-1}$ for $n \geq 3$, using the cycle joining…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Yunlong Zhu , Zuling Chang , Martianus Frederic Ezerman , Qiang Wang

The well known prefer-one, prefer-opposite, and prefer-same binary de Bruijn sequences are all constructed using simple preference rules. We apply the technique of preference functions of span one to define q-ary sequences that generalize…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-10 Abbas Alhakim

The de Bruijn graph $G_K$ of a set of strings $S$ is a key data structure in genome assembly that represents overlaps between all the $K$-length substrings of $S$. Construction and navigation of the graph is a space and time bottleneck in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Christina Boucher , Alex Bowe , Travis Gagie , Simon J. Puglisi , Kunihiko Sadakane

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy\in E$. For integers $n>k>0 $, the shift graph $G(n,k)$ is the graph whose vertex set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Suchanda Roy , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

For a set of integers $I$, we define a $q$-ary $I$-cycle to be a assignment of the symbols 1 through $q$ to the integers modulo $q^n$ so that every word appears on some translate of $I$. This definition generalizes that of de Bruijn cycles,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joshua N. Cooper , Ronald L. Graham
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