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Modern manufacturing demands robotic assembly systems with enhanced flexibility and reliability. However, traditional approaches often rely on programming tailored to each product by experts for fixed settings, which are inherently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xiwei Zhao , Yiwei Wang , Yansong Wu , Fan Wu , Teng Sun , Zhonghua Miao , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating Behavior Trees (BTs) has recently gained attention in the robotics community, yet remains in its early stages of development. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that leverages…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Naoki Wake , Atsushi Kanehira , Jun Takamatsu , Kazuhiro Sasabuchi , Katsushi Ikeuchi

The Industry 4.0 paradigm manifests the shift towards mass customization and cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) and sets new requirements for industrial automation software in terms of modularity, flexibility, and short development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Aleksandr Sidorenko , Mahdi Rezapour , Achim Wagner , Martin Ruskowski

Behavior Trees are commonly used to model agents for robotics and games, where constrained behaviors must be designed by human experts in order to guarantee that these agents will execute a specific chain of actions given a specific set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Renato de Pontes Pereira , Paulo Martins Engel

We propose a hybrid combination of active inference and behavior trees (BTs) for reactive action planning and execution in dynamic environments, showing how robotic tasks can be formulated as a free-energy minimization problem. The proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Corrado Pezzato , Carlos Hernandez Corbato , Stefan Bonhof , Martijn Wisse

Language models trained on internet-scale data sets have shown an impressive ability to solve problems in Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision. However, experience is showing that these models are frequently brittle in unexpected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Richard Kelley

Robotic assistance in robot arm teleoperation tasks has recently gained a lot of traction in industrial and domestic environment. A wide variety of input devices is used in such setups. Due to the noise in the input signals (e.g., Brain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Mohamed Behery , Minh Trinh , Christian Brecher , Gerhard Lakemeyer

In industrial applications Finite State Machines (FSMs) are often used to implement decision making policies for autonomous systems. In recent years, the use of Behavior Trees (BT) as an alternative policy representation has gained…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Mattias Hallen , Matteo Iovino , Shiva Sander-Tavallaey , Christian Smith

Large and small language models have been widely used for robotic task planning. At the same time, vision-language models (VLMs) have successfully tackled problems such as image captioning, scene understanding, and visual question…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Cristiano Battistini , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Role-playing (RP) agents rely on behavioral profiles to act consistently across diverse narrative contexts, yet existing profiles are largely unstructured, non-executable, and weakly validated, leading to brittle agent behavior. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Letian Peng , Kun Zhou , Longfei Yun , Yupeng Hou , Jingbo Shang

Behavior trees represent a hierarchical and modular way of combining several low-level control policies into a high-level task-switching policy. Hybrid dynamical systems can also be seen in terms of task switching between different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-11 Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Petter Ögren

In this paper, we show how a planning algorithm can be used to automatically create and update a Behavior Tree (BT), controlling a robot in a dynamic environment. The planning part of the algorithm is based on the idea of back chaining.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Michele Colledanchise , Diogo Almeida , Petter Ögren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely utilized to perform complex robotic tasks. However, handling external disturbances during tasks is still an open challenge. This paper proposes a novel method to achieve robotic adaptive tasks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Haotian Zhou , Yunhan Lin , Longwu Yan , Jihong Zhu , Huasong Min

Behavior Trees (BTs) provide a structured and reactive framework for decision-making, commonly used to switch between sub-controllers based on environmental conditions. Reinforcement Learning (RL), on the other hand, can learn near-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Finn Rietz , Mart Kartašev , Petter Ögren , Johannes A. Stork

Industrial robots can solve very complex tasks in controlled environments, but modern applications require robots able to operate in unpredictable surroundings as well. An increasingly popular reactive policy architecture in robotics is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Jonathan Styrud , Matteo Iovino , Mikael Norrlöf , Mårten Björkman , Christian Smith

In this paper we will give a control theoretic perspective on the research area of behavior trees in robotics. The key idea underlying behavior trees is to make use of modularity, hierarchies and feedback, in order to handle the complexity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Petter Ögren , Christopher I. Sprague

Cyber-physical production systems increasingly involve collaborative robotic missions, requiring more demand for robust and safe missions. Industries rely on risk assessments to identify potential failures and implement measures to mitigate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Razan Ghzouli , Atieh Hanna , Endre Erös , Rebekka Wohlrab

In this work, we propose an LLM-based BT generation framework to leverage the strengths of both for sequential manipulation planning. To enable human-robot collaborative task planning and enhance intuitive robot programming by nonexperts,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jicong Ao , Yansong Wu , Fan Wu , Sami Haddadin

Modern network defense can benefit from the use of autonomous systems, offloading tedious and time-consuming work to agents with standard and learning-enabled components. These agents, operating on critical network infrastructure, need to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Nicholas Potteiger , Ankita Samaddar , Hunter Bergstrom , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Many manipulation tasks pose a challenge since they depend on non-visual environmental information that can only be determined after sustained physical interaction has already begun. This is particularly relevant for effort-sensitive,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jacques Cloete , Wolfgang Merkt , Ioannis Havoutis