Related papers: One Way Function Candidate based on the Collatz Pr…
The Collatz conjecture (also known as the $3x+1$ problem) concerns the behavior of the discrete dynamical system on the positive integers defined by iteration of the so-called $3x + 1$ function. We investigate analogous dynamical systems in…
The Collatz, or 3x+1, Conjecture claims that for every positive integer n, there exists some k such that T^k(n)=1, where T is the Collatz map. We present three cellular automata (CA) that transform the global problem of mimicking the…
In this paper, we convert Collatz map into a simple conjugate iterative maps defined in [0,1]. Such maps are more familiar to us and easier to deal with. Some new features of this map are observed by this method. An interesting heuristic…
The famous 3x + 1 problem of L. Collatz needs no introduction; however, this paper concerns a lesser-known, but similarly unresolved, precursor problem : the Original Collatz Conjecture, or OCC. We demonstrate that the core arithmetic…
The development of algorithms for hierarchical clustering has been hampered by a shortage of precise objective functions. To help address this situation, we introduce a simple cost function on hierarchies over a set of points, given…
In this work, we introduce another extension U of the 3n+1 function to the real line. We propose a conjecture about the U-trajectories that generalizes the famous 3n+1 (or Collatz) conjecture. We then prove our main result about the…
This note is an attempt to unconditionally prove the existence of weak one way functions (OWF). Starting from a provably intractable decision problem $L_D$ (whose existence is nonconstructively assured from the well-known discrete…
We present some interesting observations on the 3x+1 problem. We propose a new algorithm which eliminates certain steps while we check the action of 3x+1 procedure on a number. Also, we propose a reason why many numbers follow a similar…
In the paper, from the point of view of recurrent numbers of the Jacobsthal type, the Collatz problem with the general aq+-1 function of conjecture odd positive integers q from the set of natural numbers is investigated. Formulated…
A hash function is constructed based on a three-layer neural network. The three neuron-layers are used to realize data confusion, diffusion and compression respectively, and the multi-block hash mode is presented to support the plaintext…
The Collatz conjecture states that repeated steps of $n\mathrm{\to }\mathrm{3}n\mathrm{+1}$ at odd numbers and $n\mathrm{\to }n\mathrm{/2}$ at even numbers amount to walks over root paths to the branching number $c=4$ in the `trivial'…
It is well known that the following Collatz Conjecture is one of the unsolved problems in mathematics. Collatz Conjecture: For any positive integer $n>1$, the following recursive algorithm will convergent to 1 by a finite number of steps.…
The Collatz conjecture, also known as the 3n+1 problem, is one of the most popular open problems in number theory. In this note, an algorithm for the verification of the Collatz conjecture is presented that works on a standard PC for…
Much work has been done attempting to understand the dynamic behaviour of the so-called "3x+1" function. It is known that finite sequences of iterations with a given length and a given number of odd terms have some combinatorial properties…
The Collatz conjecture can be stated in terms of the reduced Collatz function R(x) = (3x+1)/2^m (where 2^m is the larger power of 2 that divides 3x+1). The conjecture is: Starting from any odd positive integer and repeating R(x) we…
Considering all possible paths that a natural number can take following the rules of the algorithm proposed in the Collatz conjecture we construct a graph that can be interpreted as an infinite network that contemplates all possible paths…
The 3n+1, or Collatz problem, is one of the hardest math problems, yet still unsolved. The Collatz conjecture is to prove or disprove that the Collatz sequences COL(n) always eventually reach the number of 1, for all n belongs to N+ (all…
A new class of functions is presented. The structure of the algorithm, particularly the selection criteria (branching), is used to define the fundamental property of the new class. The most interesting property of the new functions is that…
A structured approach for the Collatz conjecture is presented using just the odd integers that are, in turn, divided into categories based on the roles they play such as Starter, Intermediary and Terminal. The expression 4x+1 is used as a…
We investigate the problem of cryptanalysis as a problem belonging to the class NP. A class of problems UF is defined for which the time constructing any feasible solution is polynomial. The properties of the problems of NP, which may be…