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We complete the formulation of a general framework for the analysis of high-order nonspherical perturbations of a four-dimensional spherical spacetime by including a gauge-invariant description of the perturbations. We present a general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 David Brizuela , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Guillermo A. Mena Marugan

Black hole perturbation theory beyond second order is not well understood because typically one defines the meaning of gauge invariance order by order which is ambiguous. In this series of works we therefore developed a new approach which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Jonas Neuser , Thomas Thiemann

Based on the gauge invariant variables proposed in [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. vol.110 (2003), 723.], general framework of the second order gauge invariant perturbation theory on arbitrary background spacetime is considered. We derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Kouji Nakamura

The study of long wavelength scalar perturbations, in particular the existence of conserved quantities when the perturbations are adiabatic, plays an important role in e.g. inflationary cosmology. In this paper we present some new conserved…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 Claes Uggla , John Wainwright

Over the last few years, it was realised that non-canonical scalar fields can lead to the accelerated expansion in the early universe. The primordial spectrum in these scenarios not only shows near scale-invariance consistent with CMB…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-05 Corrado Appignani , Roberto Casadio , S. Shankaranarayanan

Using the existence of a covariant conserved quantity on large perturbation scales in a spatially flat perfect fluid or scalar field universe, we present a general formula for gauge-invariantly defined comoving energy density perturbations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Winfried Zimdahl , Diego Pavon

We use gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory to calculate the displacement field that sets the initial conditions for $N$-body simulations. Using first and second-order fully relativistic perturbation theory in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-02 Adam J. Christopherson , Juan Carlos Hidalgo , Cornelius Rampf , Karim A. Malik

A new gauge-invariant approach for describing cosmological perturbations is developed. It is based on a physically motivated splitting of the stress-energy tensor of the perturbation into two parts - the bare perturbation and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-19 Sergei M. Kopeikin , Juan Ramirez , Bahram Mashhoon , Mikhail V. Sazhin

We study the second-order perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinate. We solve the second-order perturbed Einstein equation with scalar-tensor, and tensor-tensor couplings between 1st order perturbations, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-06 Yang Zhang , Fei Qin , Bo Wang

Increasingly accurate observations are driving theoretical cosmology toward the use of more sophisticated descriptions of matter and the study of nonlinear perturbations of FL cosmologies, whose governing equations are notoriously…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-27 Claes Uggla , John Wainwright

We present the growing mode solutions of cosmological perturbations to the second order in the matter dominated era. We also present several gauge-invariant combinations of perturbation variables to the second order in most general fluid…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Jai-chan Hwang , Hyerim Noh , Jinn-Ouk Gong

The Gerlach and Sengupta (GS) formalism of coordinate-invariant, first-order, spherical and nonspherical perturbations around an arbitrary spherical spacetime is generalized to higher orders, focusing on second-order perturbation theory.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 David Brizuela , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Guillermo A. Mena Marugan

We derive the governing equations for multiple scalar fields minimally coupled to gravity in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) background spacetime on large scales. We include scalar perturbations up to second order and write the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Karim A. Malik

Cosmological perturbation theory is an example of a gauge theory, where gauge transformations correspond to changes in the space-time coordinate system. To determine physical quantities, one is free to introduce gauge conditions (\ie to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-23 Danilo Artigas , Julien Grain , Vincent Vennin

We review the study of inhomogeneous perturbations about a homogeneous and isotropic background cosmology. We adopt a coordinate based approach, but give geometrical interpretations of metric perturbations in terms of the expansion, shear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-23 Karim A. Malik , David Wands

We consider the evolution of relativistic perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter cosmological model, including second-order effects. The perturbations are considered in two different settings: the widely used synchronous gauge and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 S. Matarrese , S. Mollerach , M. Bruni

We give a detailed and improved presentation of our recently proposed formalism for non-linear perturbations in cosmology, based on a covariant and fully non-perturbative approach. We work, in particular, with a covector combining the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Langlois , Filippo Vernizzi

Except for the presence of gravitational wave source term, the relativistic perturbation equations of a zero-pressure irrotational fluid in a flat Friedmann world model coincide exactly with the Newtonian ones to the second order in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. Hwang , H. Noh

We present a general formalism for the Hamiltonian description of perturbation theory around any spatially homogeneous spacetime. We employ and refine the Dirac method for constrained systems, which is very well-suited to cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-23 Alice Boldrin

We investigate the gauge invariance of the second order gravitational waves induced by the first order scalar perturbations by following the Lie derivative method. It is shown explicitly that the second order gravitational waves are gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-30 Zhe Chang , Sai Wang , Qing-Hua Zhu