Related papers: Almost Every Simply Typed Lambda-Term Has a Long B…

We prove that the set of growth rates of permutation classes includes an infinite sequence of intervals whose infimum is $\theta_B\approx2.35526$, and that it also contains every value at least $\lambda_B\approx2.35698$. These results…

Answering a question by Honsell and Plotkin, we show that there are two equations between lambda terms, the so-called subtractive equations, consistent with lambda calculus but not simultaneously satisfied in any partially ordered model…

We develop formal theories of conversion for Church-style lambda-terms with Pi-types in first-order syntax using one-sorted variables names and Stoughton's multiple substitutions. We then formalize the Pure Type Systems along some…

Lambda calculi with algebraic data types lie at the core of functional programming languages and proof assistants, but conceal at least two fundamental theoretical problems already in the presence of the simplest non-trivial data type, the…

We present quantitative analysis of various (syntactic and behavioral) properties of random \lambda-terms. Our main results are that asymptotically all the terms are strongly normalizing and that any fixed closed term almost never appears…

We present a typing system with non-idempotent intersection types, typing a term syntax covering three different calculi: the pure {\lambda}-calculus, the calculus with explicit substitutions {\lambda}S, and the calculus with explicit…

We prove limit theorems of an entirely new type for certain long memory regularly varying stationary infinitely divisible random processes. These theorems involve multiple phase transitions governed by how long the memory is. Apart from one…

We introduce an operational rewriting-based semantics for strictly positive nested higher-order (co)inductive types. The semantics takes into account the "limits" of infinite reduction sequences. This may be seen as a refinement and…

Simon's congruence, denoted \sim_n, relates words having the same subwords of length up to n. We show that, over a k-letter alphabet, the number of words modulo \sim_n is in 2^{\Theta(n^{k-1} log n)}.

Permutations are usually enumerated by size, but new results can be found by enumerating them by inversions instead, in which case one must restrict one's attention to indecomposable permutations. In the style of the seminal paper by Simion…

A sequence of positive integers $(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_k)$ is called $\ell$-additive if $a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_k=\ell a_1$ or $\ell a_k$. In this paper, we prove that for all $k\geq3$, if $n$ is sufficiently large, then every permutation of…

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a sequence of $rk$ terms which is made up of $k$ distinct integers each appearing exactly $r$ times in $\mathcal{A}$. The sum of all terms of a subsequence of $\mathcal{A}$ is called a subsequence sum of $\mathcal{A}$.…

Let $\Lambda$ be a commutative local uniserial ring of length at least seven with radical factor ring $k$. We consider the category $S(\Lambda)$ of all possible embeddings of submodules of finitely generated $\Lambda$-modules and show that…

We construct a uniformly discrete, and even sparse, sequence of real numbers $\Lambda=\{\lambda_n\}$ and a function g in $L^2(R)$, such that for every q>2, every function f in $L^2(R)$ can be approximated with arbitrary small error by a…

We investigate the performance of large language models on repetitive deterministic prediction tasks and study how the sequence accuracy rate scales with output length. Each such task involves repeating the same operation n times. Examples…

Let $S_{T}(k)$ denote the set of distinct substrings of length $k$ in a string $T$, then the $k$-th substring complexity is defined by its cardinality $|S_{T}(k)|$. Recently, $\delta = \max \{ |S_{T}(k)| / k : k \ge 1 \}$ is shown to be a…

We study the properties of the Minimum Description Length principle for sequence prediction, considering a two-part MDL estimator which is chosen from a countable class of models. This applies in particular to the important case of…

In a previous work, B\'ona and Pantone studied permutations that avoided all but one pattern of length $k$ that began with a length $k-1$ increasing subsequence. We draw the connection between that idea and distant patterns, first discussed…

Although real-world text datasets, such as DNA sequences, are far from being uniformly random, average-case string searching algorithms perform significantly better than worst-case ones in most applications of interest. In this paper, we…

Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence architectures, while achieving state-of-the-art results on a large number of NLP tasks, can still suffer from overfitting during training. In practice, this is usually countered either by applying…